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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">CC</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Cardiol Croat</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Cardiologia Croatica</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="pubmed">Cardiol. Croat.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1848-543X</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1848-5448</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Croatian Cardiac Society</publisher-name></publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">CC 2025 20_11-12_281</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15836/ccar2025.281</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Extended Abstract</subject></subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="subheading"><subject>Intensive and acute cardiac care</subject></subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>In-hospital identification of cardiac tamponade after pacemaker implantation: a case report</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7659-7011</contrib-id><name><surname>Ple&#x0161;ko</surname><given-names>Anita</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7381-0691</contrib-id><name><surname>Pai&#x0107;</surname><given-names>Zrinka</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8678-6421</contrib-id><name><surname>Buljan</surname><given-names>Julija</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5949-3311</contrib-id><name><surname>Pekez</surname><given-names>Josipa</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1878-0880</contrib-id><name><surname>Benko</surname><given-names>Ivica</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib>
<aff id="aff1"><label>1</label><institution>Dubrava University Hospital</institution>, <addr-line>Zagreb</addr-line>, <country country="hr">Croatia</country></aff>
<aff id="aff2"><label>2</label><institution>University of Applied Health Sciences</institution>, <addr-line>Zagreb</addr-line>, <country country="hr">Croatia</country></aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="cor1"><label>*</label>ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Anita Ple&#x0161;ko, Klini&#x010D;ka bolnica Dubrava, Avenija Gojka &#x0160;u&#x0161;ka 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia. / Phone: +385-1-2902-545 / E-mail: <email xlink:href="pleskoanita9@gmail.com">pleskoanita9@gmail.com</email></corresp></author-notes>
<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic"><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date>
<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="print"><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date>
<volume>20</volume>
<issue>11-12</issue>
<fpage>281</fpage>
<lpage>281</lpage>
<history>
<date date-type="received"><day>27</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date>
<date><day>22</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date>
</history>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Croatian Cardiac Society</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>Croatian Cardiac Society</copyright-holder>
</permissions>
<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author"><title>KEYWORDS: </title><kwd>cardiac tamponade</kwd><kwd>pacemaker</kwd><kwd>complication</kwd><kwd>nursing</kwd><kwd>pericardiocentesis</kwd></kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body>
<p><bold>Introduction</bold>: Cardiac tamponade is a rare but life-threatening complication of permanent pacemaker implantation, most commonly caused by lead perforation (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r1"><italic>1</italic></xref>). Early recognition of the clinical triad and immediate response are crucial for survival.</p>
<p><bold>Case report</bold>: 74-year-old female was admitted following syncope. Medical history included arterial hypertension, moderate aortic stenosis, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and coronary artery disease with prior percutaneous coronary intervention of the left anterior descending artery. Telemetry revealed a 6-second asystolic pause, and a dual-chamber permanent pacemaker (Biotronik Enitra 6 DR) was implanted. Several hours later on the ward, nursing staff observed sudden hypotension (BP 70/50 mmHg), atrial fibrillation (130/min) and signs of hemodynamic compromise. Bedside echocardiography confirmed a pericardial effusion up to 2.9 cm with right heart collapse, consistent with tamponade. Immediate fluid resuscitation and urgent triage ensured stabilization and rapid transport to the invasive laboratory. Pericardiocentesis via subxiphoid approach drained 220 ml of hemopericardium with prompt hemodynamic recovery (BP 120/80 mmHg, paced rhythm 60/min). The remainder of hospitalization was uneventful, and the patient was discharged in stable condition with recommendations for rehabilitation and regular device follow-up.</p>
<p><bold>Conclusion</bold>: Cardiac tamponade after pacemaker implantation is an uncommon but critical complication. In this case, rapid recognition of deterioration by nursing staff on the ward, initiation of volume resuscitation and activation of the transport pathway enabled timely pericardiocentesis. Rapid triage of symptoms and coordinated nurse-led action on the ward remain vital for patient safety.</p>
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<ref-list>
<title>LITERATURE</title>
<ref id="r1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hirschl</surname><given-names>DA</given-names></name><name><surname>Jain</surname><given-names>VR</given-names></name><name><surname>Spindola-Franco</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Gross</surname><given-names>JN</given-names></name><name><surname>Haramati</surname><given-names>LB</given-names></name></person-group>. <article-title>Prevalence and characterization of asymptomatic pacemaker and ICD lead perforation on CT.</article-title> <source>Pacing Clin Electrophysiol</source>. <year>2007</year>;<volume>30</volume>(<issue>1</issue>):<fpage>28</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>32</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/j.1540-8159.2007.00575.x</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17241311</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref>
</ref-list>
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