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Boscovichians at Croatian Philosophical Schools from 1770 to 1834
Ivica Martinović
; Institut za filozofiju, Zagreb, Hrvatska
Sažetak
On the basis of systematic research into the examination themes publicly defended at Croatian philosophical schools between 1745 and 1844, the influence of Boscovich’s natural philosophy has been established in fifty-one of them, while the list of Boscovichians among the professors at the Croatian schools of philosophy at the time includes nineteen names: three Jesuits, two Paulists, nine Franciscans, a professor of the Rijeka Academy, and four professors of the Zagreb Academy. These thesauri have been studied in view of Boscovich’s key philosophemes: the theory of forces, the doctrine on the principles of bodies, the doctrine on space and time, his view of inertia, the application of the theory of forces to the general properties of bodies and to chemical operations, his approach to Newton’s laws of motion and to the law of universal gravitation, and his tenets concerning the nature of light, fire, electricity, and magnetism. The thesauri have enabled a comparative study of the use of Boscovich’s philosophical terminology. The thesauri of the following authors have been studied for the first time: Antun Pilippen (1770), Mirko Mihalj (1772), Kandid Šošterić (1774), Aleksandar Tomiković and Luigi de Capuano (1776), Antun Kukec (1780), Terencijan Buberleé and Andrija Zerard Švagelj (1781), Antun Šuflaj (1807, 1812, 1818, 1828, 1829), and Kerubin Csepregy (1809).
Boscovich’s first Jesuit follower was Antun Pilippen in Zagreb in 1770, the first among the Paulists was Kandid Šošterić in Čakovec in 1774, the first Franciscan follower was Aleksandar Tomiković in Baja in 1776, Luigi de Capuano at the Rijeka Academy in 1776, and Antun Kukec at the Zagreb Academy from 1780 at least. The first thesauri reverberating with Boscovich’s theory of forces was published by Antun Pilippen in 1770, the last by Antun Šuflaj in 1829. Šuflaj had published as many as nineteen thesauri with Boscovich’s theses. The influence of Boscovich’s theory of forces is regularly present in the thesauri dealing with general physics, and to a lesser degree in those concerned with particular physics. Metaphysics, in concordance with Boscovich’s doctrine on the principles of bodies and on space, was expounded by three professors only: Mirko Mihalj in Zagreb in 1772, Terencijan Buberleé in Požega in 1781, and Kerubin Csepregy in Varaždin in 1809.
Two traditions of the expounding of Boscovich’s theory of forces were broken by the authorities’ decisions: among the Jesuits at the Zagreb Collegium in 1773 and among the Franciscans in the St. John of Capistrano Province in 1783. With regard to continuity in teaching Boscovich’s natural philosophy at Croatian schools of philosophy the Zagreb Royal Academy of Sciences (Regia Academia scientiarum Zagrabiensis) took precedence, while the state school founded in Zagreb in 1776, at which Antun Kukec, Juraj Šug, Gabrijel Valečić, and Antun Šuflaj maintained an unbroken fifty-year tradition of teaching physics that included Boscovich’s two fundamental philosophemes: the doctrine on nonextended substances or beings as the metaphysical principles of bodies, therefore avoiding Boscovich’s original terminology, and the law of mutual forces.
Ključne riječi
Boscovich; Boscovichians in Croatia; Jesuits’; Paulists’; and Franciscans’ schools of philosophy in Croatia after 1745; State schools of philosophy in Rijeka and Zagreb after 1773; theory of forces; principles of bodies; space and time; inertia; general properties of bodies; chemical operations; Newton’s laws of motion; gravitation; the nature of light; Boscovich’s philosophical terminology
Hrčak ID:
67184
URI
Datum izdavanja:
8.12.2008.
Posjeta: 1.461 *