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Viticulture of the town of Varaždin in the Middle Age
Srećko Ljubljanović
Sažetak
The material is dealing with viticulture in the Town of Varaždin since its probable beginnings in 12th century until year 1526. The town vineyards had existed throughout Varaždin-Toplice Mountains, up the Kneginec Village. even before Varaždin got the title of Royal Borough. The vineyard owner were Varaždin cityzens or the town itself, while Kneginec serfs had the vineyards in rent and worked on grapes owned by the Town. Very specific category of owners was the Church and other institutions, It can be stated that in the second half of 15th century there were some 70 vineyards in total in the area covered by the Town of Varaždin.
The most important taxes were so called gornica (terragium) and wine tithe (decima vini). Gornica was given to the town that subsituted here colective feudalist. It was paid by every persom who rented city owned vineyards, while citizens were free of that tax for their own vineyards. As gornica was of the most important sources of town incomes, it was well attended to. To achieve the best results, the Town of Varaždin established special and unique institution in Slavonia of the Middle Ages - one of gornica judges. While gornica was to be paid by some, so called wine tithe, was to be paid by every owner or user. in 15th century collecting in Zagreb area was executed by the Kaptol of Zagreb. There were some attempts to take over that tax from the Church and even the citizens of the Town of Varaždin participated. The results was that they were excommunicated from the Church in years 1446. and 1479.
The town took care of the well being of wine users, so it maid regulations to protect their interest too. The most impertant one was enforced in year 1455. stating that special appraisers should evaluate wine quality and decide on the wine prize accordingly. It was unique example of wine in the history of viticulture of medieval Slavonia.
Data give us information on very vivid inner wine trade between the Town and nobility. It was practiced by every social level of citizens, regardless of its class, status or sex differences. Here, in town area, many neighboring manors were provided with wine and it was even exported in Slovenia.
Ključne riječi
Hrčak ID:
8704
URI
Datum izdavanja:
9.10.2006.
Posjeta: 3.965 *