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The Osor-type fibulae: solar signs and symbols in the Liburnian culture

Sineva Kukoč ; Sveučilište u Zadru, Odjel za arheologiju



Sažetak

Osor-type fibulae from the 9th and 8th centuries in combination with complex pectorals (Nin; Zaton: grave 6) are the most adequate sample for analysis of earlier Liburnian symbolics. In style of „abstract narration“ depiction of the myth about Sun on pectoral from Nin is complementary to „stories“ of three-partite cosmologies which were widespread from the European north to east during the Bronze and Iron Ages. Depiction from Nin is also complementary to the symbolics on the feet – solar disks – of all fibulae a disco, from the Apennine world to the Liburnians. Treatment of the foot classifies the Osor-type fibulae as a part of typologically heterogenous group of Apennine fibulae a disco which make female (and male) festive/funerary attire in different Apennine cultures, primarily in centro-meridionale circle, mostly during the 9th century BC, and partly during the 8th century BC with retentions but in qualitatively new (orientalizing) cultural context (Vulci, etc.) in the 7th century BC. Coded symbolical syntax of „magical formulae“ on the feet of the Liburnian and other fibulae a disco, develops the same religious idea of the epoch about the importance of cyclical and ambivalent Sun (light) for constant and therefore perennial life of Nature and World, living and dead (in transcendency?). This syntax corresponds with symbolical Apennine geometricalsolar syntaxes from the same period particularly the ones from centro-meridionale circle which corresponds most closely with geometric and solar syntaxes from the same period which alongside metal repertory decorated: a) funerary i.e. ritual pottery of the villanova world (from Bologna to Campania) and b) painted pottery of the Apennine south with characteristic influences of the „western Balkan style“. Liburnian anthropomorphized geometrical figure with a swastika on the body with spread limbs depicted on the Osor fibulae is one of most impressive figures in iconographically complex group of similar „mysterious“ Apennine figures („adorant“, „dancer“, deity?) who appear in the mentioned Apennine symbolical syntaxes. These Apennine and Liburnian geometrized figures were inspired by various concepts in iconographic and semantic terms, alongside local basis, including the concept of potnia theron and definitely the concept of the holy scarab – invincible Sun. Relatively sensitive cultural context of the Osor-type fibulae with incised lines on the bow (Nin: gr. 26; Brežec-Fondo Gombac: graves 50, 131, 154; new finds from the necropolis Venac-Ljubač) indicate their first emergence in the 9th century BC. Variant of the Osor-type fibulae with a more decorative bow may have been shaped in the same period but it is more likely that it happened at the transition from the 9th to 8th centuries BC since its cultural-chronological framework is less indicative. Time of the last use of both variants in Liburnian attire worn during the 9th and 8th centuries remains unknown.

Ključne riječi

fibulae a disco; pectorals; solar symbols; cross; circle; swastika; „bird boat“; solar myth; Sun veneration; holy scarab

Hrčak ID:

111679

URI

https://hrcak.srce.hr/111679

Datum izdavanja:

2.12.2013.

Podaci na drugim jezicima: hrvatski

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