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Changes in the Socio-Economic Structure of the Rural Community and Agriculture in the light of most recent data (Comment on the preliminary figures of the 1969 agricultural census)
Svetozar Livada
Sažetak
A detailed census of socially owned farips and private farms was carried out
in spring 1969 on a sample of 20.5 per cent (18% in the first, and 2.5% in the
second phase). The data supplied by the census can now be compared with those
obtained from the last (and complete) census carried out in 1960.
The author of the article deals with the most notable changes which, as
indicated by the data obtained, have taken place in the socio-economic structure
of agriculture and the rural community in this country.
The total area of the social sector has increased considerably: by more than
800,000 hectares of arable land. Socially owned farms continue growing in size
and there is a. marked tendency towards a vertical integration with the processing
industry. From 1960 till 1968 the average area of land controlled by the social
sector increased from 197 to 1,189 hectares. At present, 418 socially owned farms
(or 20% of the total number), which possess more than 1,000 hectares, control
more than 90% of the total area owned by the social sector of agriculture. During
'the same period the number of agronomists, lawyers, veterinary surgeons and
economists employed on social farms increased three times; the total number of
tractors increased by more than 3,000; etc.
In comparison with 1960 the number of private farms increased only slightly
(1960 — 2,616,000; 1969 — 2,643,000), with developed regions showing a decrease
and undeveloped ones an increase. However, due to the growth of socially owned
lands, the average area of private farms decreased from 4.2 hectares in 1960 to 3.8
hectares in 1969. There was a marked increase in the number of farms of up to
2 hectares, and especially of those of up to 1 hectare (20%), while the number
of farms of more than 10 hectares went down by about one fifth. At the same
time, the number of inhabitants living on private farms decreased by about 500,000
or 4%.
While the data on the structure of property indicate an adverse trend, those
on the living standards of the inhabitants living on private farms show a major
advancement. For instance, accommodation facilities expanded by more than
15,000,000 square metres, which means by more than 1.5 square metre per capita.
During the same period 900,000 households introduced electrical lighting, which
means that 73.6% of the private farms are now electrified. This is primarily due
to the growing number of mixed farms (which increased by 14%) and
farmers/workers (an increase of 13%). Yugoslavs living on private farms are
becoming increasingly dependent on income earned in non-agricultural activities,
farming becoming less and less an important source of income.
Emphasizing the great regional differences wich mark the current transformation
of the rural community, the author warns against certain adverse
affects that may arise from this uneven development.
Ključne riječi
Hrčak ID:
119038
URI
Datum izdavanja:
10.12.1969.
Posjeta: 919 *