Izvorni znanstveni članak
Forms and Consequences of Deagrarization in Yugoslav Rural Districts
Vlado Puljiz
Sažetak
The movement of the population from agriculture into other activities is a consequence of the development of the social division of labour. Many of the activities which existed in embryonic form in the autarky peasant economy evolve into separate branches of activity through the development of the social division of labour. This leads to the emergence of a market of goods and services, to interdependence
between the various professional groups of the population, and to the
development of towns as centres and promoters of social and economic progress. The goods-monetary economy creates among the peasants the need for cash arid for additional earnings. In comparison with Western Europe, industrial development in Yugoslavia was slow and during the pre-war capitalist period Yugoslav peasants could make additional earnings only as day-labourers, by taking on non-agricultural seasonal jobs, or by going into employment abroad rather than
by taking permanent jobs in industry or some other activities, and their only aspiration was to return to their farms in the hope of buying new lands, develop their farms and increase production.The socialist revolution and the country’s development since the war have
brought a change in the peasant’s attitude to land. With industry and non-agricultural activities being given full priority, the peasant has realized that he and his descendants are offered a better future outside agriculture. This has led to a massive abandonment of agriculture: about 5,500,000 farmers have moved into non-agricultural activities in Yugoslavia since the war. At first the movement into non-agricultural activities proceeded directly, without preparations, but in recent
years the school has become the main channel through which the agrarian exodus has been taking place. Unskilled agricultural workers tend to go into employment abroad rather than to take jobs in their own country. Deagrarization has affected the rural areas in many ways: it has disturbed the existing demographic structures, created social problems among some of the categories of the rural population, and changed the social and professional composition of the rural communities; the spatial regrouping of the population has brought
many villages into an unfavourable position in relation to other villages with more promising development prospects; because of the possibility of extra earnings, inhabitants living on farms tend to give less attention to agricultural production. In conclusion the author calls for complex demographic, social and economic policies for the rural areas which would prevent the adverse effects of deagrarization (which, accumulating for a long time, are now more marked than ever before)
from acquiring major proportions and causing deeper social and economic disturbances.
Ključne riječi
Hrčak ID:
119659
URI
Datum izdavanja:
8.3.1974.
Posjeta: 2.322 *