Pregledni rad
Biodistribution, Uptake and Effects Caused by Cancer-derived Extracellular Vesicles
Lilite Sadovska
; Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia; Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
Cristina Bajo Santos
; Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia; Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
Zane Kalniņa
; Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
Aija Line
; Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
Sažetak
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently emerged as important mediators of intercellular communication. They are released in the extracellular space by a variety of normal and cancerous cell types and have been found in all human body fluids. Cancer-derived EVs have been shown to carry lipids, proteins, mRNAs, non-coding and structural RNAs and even extra-chromosomal DNA, which can be taken up by recipient cells and trigger diverse physiological and pathological responses. An increasing body of evidence suggests that cancer-derived EVs mediate paracrine signalling between cancer cells. This leads to the increased invasiveness, proliferation rate and chemoresistance, as well as the acquisition of the cancer stem cell phenotype. This stimulates angiogenesis and the reprogramming of normal stromal cells into cancer-promoting cell types. Furthermore, cancer-derived EVs contribute to the formation of the pre-metastatic niche and modulation of anti-tumour immune response. However, as most of these data are obtained by in vitro studies, it is not entirely clear which of these effects are recapitulated in vivo. In the current review, we summarize studies that assess the tissue distribution, trafficking, clearance and uptake of cancer-derived EVs in vivo and discuss the impact they have, both locally and systemically.
Ključne riječi
Extracellular vesicles; biodistribution; trafficking; tumour microenvironment; immunosuppression; metastatic niche
Hrčak ID:
161408
URI
Datum izdavanja:
1.1.2015.
Posjeta: 880 *