Ostalo
Slavonian folklore music of the 18th century according to written sources
Miroslava Hadžihusejnović-Valašek
Sažetak
The oldest data on Slavonian folklore music and customs from written sources originated in 18th and the beginning of 19th have been gathered in this work. There are very little music records, and if they isolated from the context they can t help in understanding the characteristics, contents and the way of life of folklore music in that period. Thus, it is necessery to inspect secondary i.e. written sources which are far more numerous and substantial.
The goal of this work was collecting of all relevant indicators from 18th century at one place, which can serve in future comparative researches of this subject.
As data on folklore music differ by character scope and contents, they can be found in church and secular works, poetic and prosaic, in scientific works, travel-record, reports and works with literary pretensions, while texts of the songs can be found in collections -song-books, sources have been grouped according to characteristics at: Works of Slavonian writers, Reports and travel-records and Texts of sung songs.
The chapter "Works of Slavonian writers" analyses poetic, prosaic and scientific works in which the autors referred to folklore music of their time. They mostly used descriptive method describing characteristics, the ways and motives of performing folklore musicand accompanying manifestations like customs, dances, instruments, etc.
Folk-songs were an inspirations in creation of literary and scientific works, but also a motive for stressing moral and aestetic norms.
Thanks to Ivan Grličić (1707.), Matija Antun Relković (1762.) and Vid Došen we get to know that wheel dancing was favourite in Slavonia, that ballads were sung about historic characters, that drums were played, together with flutes and "tamburaš". According to the tittles of some epic songs by Antun Ivanošić we find out that they were sung accompanied by "tambura", and his song "Pismo od uzetja turske Gradiške" (1789.) contains the oldest music legacy from Slavonia "Laudon toast" (Hadžihusejnović-Valašek, 1991.)
Matija Petar Katančić takes a special place in history of Slavonian culture and science. He has written many scientific works, but also analysed folk poetry and music and found inspiration in them. He defended wheel dancing, he was delighted with popular customs, girls songs, church songs. In his work "De poesi illyrica
libellus" (1817.) he gave the first collection of 15 music records (nowadays lost).
From his work we can find out that many instruments were played in Slavonia: zither, drum, clavichord, organ, trumpets, horns, flute, bag-pipe, gusle (one-stringed folk fiddle) and tambura. He stressed the ways of singing with beginners, shout "oj" at the beginning of the line, and he also made a distinction between the two types of lyrical songs: carols and songs accompanying folk dances.
The chapter "Reports and travel-records" contains data from the works written in German and Latin by foreigners who spent some time in Slavonia at the command of Vinnese government or some other reason. Foreign language, culture of European urban centers where they lived, conditioned the way of observing the life in Slavonia and its culture. As the reports mostly refer to country population living in isolation under Turkish occupation for 200 years, social distance was crucial in documenting and evaluating the life of Slavonian population.
Taube (1777.) very critically writes about folk customs of Slavonians, appearance of houses, cities and castles. He says that Illyrian songs sound melancholic and that Illyrians have sense of poetry. Piller and Mitterpacher (1783.) mention bellows, tambura, wheel dancing with singing, epic poems about kings and dukes. Stanislav Šumski (1799.) gives the oldest descriptions of dances in Slavonia ("šaranac", "lesa", "momačko kolo", "ketuš", "jastučić" and "kolo na kolu"). In 18th and 19th century F.S.Engel, baron von Hitzinger, Jochan Chaplovich and Spiridon Jović wrote a lot about Slavonia and its life ond customs. Jović wrote a book in German and tried to correct and oppose critiques of older observes. This book is the oldest and the most substantial source of ethnographic ond cultural material in Slavonia by the first half of 19th century.
The chapter "Texts of sung songs" stresses texts as structural elements of sung songs.
A collection of epic and lyric poems known as "Erlangen manuscript" was written in west Slavonia in 1720. It is supposed that these poems were sung with the instruments mentioned in 18th century: bag-pipe, tambura and one-stringed fiddle.
In 1883. Antun Kanižlić promulgated a collection of texts with devout songs, many of which are still sung today. Since 18th century many song-books have appeared with numerous texts of sung songs. The most valuable ones are "Požeški zbornik" from the inheritance of Vjekoslav Babukić from 1798. and "Zbornik Tome Kraljevića" (1799.) kept in HAZU, and manuscripts of song-books from Brlić archives in Slavonski Brod. Based on the texts in manuscripts it is possible to conclude that in the end of 18th and the
beginning of 19th century many lyric love songs were written and sung. Some of them have been preserved in the collection of Ignjat Alojz Brlić (1847.) and the collection of Karlo Katineli (1849.) "Južnoslavljanske pučke pesme".
According to various indicators from this work it can be concluded that many characteristics of Slavonian folklore music (rural and urban) preserved originate from 18th century, possibly even earlier.
Ključne riječi
Hrčak ID:
164461
URI
Datum izdavanja:
5.12.2002.
Posjeta: 1.344 *