Stručni rad
Mechanical music machines in the Technical department of the Museum of Slavonia
Ksenija Katalinić
; Muzej Slavonije Osijek
Sažetak
A significant group of five mechanical music machines, very popular house and public instruments in 19th and 20th century, has been isolated from music collection of the Technical department in the Museum of Slavonia. With their primary function of reproducing instrumental music, they were inevitable part of the interior, and thus they ment not only technological development but also aesthetic and cultural value.
The most popular mechanical devices-music boxes with cylinder and metal comb with tuned cogs, moved by a nib mechanism-appeared in the beginning of 19th century and were the most popular in the eighties of the same century. Their emergence is connected with the development of watchmaker's trade, because such machines were first built into watchers and clocks. Music box (inv.no.U1309) has been made of brown smoothed wood in the shape of rectangular prism and reproduces six romantic melodies at the principle of cylinder with pins and metal comb with tuned teeth.
The use of discs instead of expensive cylinder makes popular music boxes with perforated disc invented by a German Paul Lochmann in 1886. Cardboard and metal discs have satisfied the need for quick exchange and easier following of the new music repertoire. Music box Calliope (inv.no.T75) was made during the secession period, in 1900. Metal disc of 23.5 cm diameter serves as a matrix, which engages little plates with its perforations and activates bell clapper.
Due to industrial production of perforated discs and bands, in the sixties of 19th century, wind-instruments became very widespread. Two such home instruments are intone and ariston, both at reasonable price. Intone (inv.no.T76) is a box with small legs and in which there are two bellows and a register made of lattices, small hooks and metal sheets. Matrix is a disc made of galvanized metal, producing tones by stimulated air from the bellows, by the pointer and lattices.
Ariston (inv.no.T78) is a larger square box with a matrix in the shape go round perforated cardboard disc of 31.5 cm diameter. Intone and ariston was both started manually, thus making tempo and dynamics individual.
In the end of 18th century orchestrions appeared -complex mechanical music machines with combined register, which imitates the sound of an orchestra. Their music was temperamental and dynamic. Orchestra Atlantic (inv.no.U199) of a well-known Viennese firm Hupfeld was made in a secession style. In the upper part there is a matrix, cylinder shaped, a sound register consisting of a drum, triangle, cymbals, xylophone and piano strings. A winding handle starts it after a coin is inserted and a button pushed. The front is decorated by an oil painting of water-mill and geometrical and floral motives.
Ključne riječi
Hrčak ID:
164464
URI
Datum izdavanja:
5.12.2002.
Posjeta: 899 *