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https://doi.org/10.17018/portal.2018.2

New research on the Abbey of the Blessed Virgin Mary, in Topusko, and its Estate

Andrej Janeš orcid id orcid.org/0000-0003-0683-3364 ; Hrvatski restauratorski zavod


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Sažetak

The Cistercian Abbey of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Toplica was one of the largest church institutions in the mediaeval Kingdom of Hungary. Founded by the decree of King Andrew II, it is believed that the entire monastery complex was built in the early 13th century.
New archaeological excavations and a geophysical survey have brought to light a new layout for the Abbey church. On the basis of similar examples, it is assumed the church was constructed in the 12th century, with repairs throughout the 13th century. It is believed that the monastery complex was added to the older church in the first half of the 13th century. The three-naved church has a sanctuary enclosed by a semi-circular apse and two side chapels with semi-circular apses. The new length of the church would be 59.22 m, with a width of 20 m. Research has confirmed the existence of a sanctuary with a semi-circular apse, as well as the existence of another apse south of the central one. It was not possible to conduct geophysical research on the north side, but it can be assumed that there was another, northern, semi-circular apse. The existence of the monastery complex was confirmed on the south side of the church. The dimensions of the monastery are 44 m (N-S) x 44 m (E-W). Based on the geophysical survey results, two monastery wings, east and south, can be defined. Since part of the research could not be conducted, there were no results to confirm or deny the existence of a possible west wing. The dimensions of the cloister are approximately 25 x 25 m. All visible structures were recorded, even though they might not have existed at the same time, so the dimensions of the monastery complex should be taken with caution. Structures found on the north and east sides of the monastery can be attributed to the Abbey’s defensive system.
The Abbey had a large estate that stretched along the southern part of the former Gora county, in the area surrounded by the rivers Kupa and Una, as well as the mountains of Zrinska Gora and Petrova Gora. Monastic granges, i.e. landholdings scattered throughout the estate, formed the base of the Cistercian economy. Through written sources, it is possible to identify five such complexes within the territory of the former estate. Written sources also mention mills, ponds, gardens, woods and vineyards managed by Cistercians from Toplica, who strengthened their economic power by positioning them along important regional roads and waterways connecting the Pannonian Basin and the Adriatic Sea.

Ključne riječi

Cistercian Abbey; archaeological excavations; monastic architecture; graves; landscape archaeology; monastic estate

Hrčak ID:

218259

URI

https://hrcak.srce.hr/218259

Datum izdavanja:

30.12.2018.

Podaci na drugim jezicima: hrvatski

Posjeta: 1.711 *