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https://doi.org/10.17018/portal.2018.5

Horn Gate (Hornwerk Thor) of the Osijek Fortress: Valorisation and Project Presentation

Zlatko Uzelac ; Institut za povijest umjetnosti
Margareta Turkalj Podmanicki orcid id orcid.org/0000-0002-1047-4977 ; Sveučilište Josipa Jurja Strossmayera Osijek, Akademija za umjetnost i kulturu
Valentina Slabinac ; Ured ovlaštene arhitektice Valentine Slabinac


Puni tekst: hrvatski pdf 1.828 Kb

str. 61-75

preuzimanja: 190

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Puni tekst: engleski pdf 1.828 Kb

str. 75-76

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Sažetak

There were no gates in the mediaeval city walls on the eastern side of Osijek because of an unusual elevation of the terrain, which on that side of the city was higher than the walls, posing a threat to an effective defence. After the Ottoman army had left Osijek, the Hornwerk was planned in that location. In the first comprehensive plan for the new fortifications, designed during the preparations for the Battle of Slankamen in 1692 by Mathias von Kaiserfeld, fortification engineer, the planned Hornwerk was connected to the city by a bridge, so a gate was designed in the main bastion. The gate was built by 1710, but only to the height of the parapet, and temporarily closed. It was redesigned in 1712 by Jean Petis de la Croix under the guidance of Prince Eugene of Savoy as part of the new comprehensive plan for Osijek fortifications. During the preparations for the war with the Ottoman Empire (1716–1718), three ground structures were built on the Hornwerk, intended to be used as a hospital for the wounded in the upcoming war, as well as a military chapel, in honour of Queen Eleonor and dedicated to the saint of the same name. After the war, the construction of a curtain wall with casemates was intensified in the north-eastern part of the main bastion. The Horn Gate (Hornwerk Thor), probably designed by head of construction Friedrich von Heisse, was built at the same time. Although it only led to the Hornwerk, it was the largest of the four city gates in the main bastion of the Baroque town-fortress of Osijek. The architecture of the gate was harmoniously designed with a relatively simple façade, and the outer façade of the gate was opposite the façade of the Chapel of St. Eleonor on the other side of the bridge. The chapel was demolished in 1783, when a new outer gate was built on the eastern side of the Hornwerk called the Horn Gate, as well as the Imperial Gate, in honour of Emperor Joseph II. The gate in the main bastion was renamed the Lower Town Gate (Unterstadter Thor), because now one could pass through it, then via the Hornwerk, directly to the Lower Town. When a horse-drawn tramway was constructed on that route in 1883, the gate was demolished. In 1923, during the great campaign of demolishing Osijek fortifications, the curtain wall south of the gate was also destroyed. Through the former ditch towards the Hornwerk, a road embankment was erected towards the new bridge over the Drava River, and the tramway was moved south to a new street on the site of the demolished bastions. Since then, the area of the former gate has stood as a passive and neglected demolished city space, separated from the devastated Hornwerk by a new road towards the Drava Bridge. As part of the preparations for the restoration of the eastern side of the main bastion, archaeological research of the remains of the gate base was carried out in 2016, and the presentation project for the gate was created. The conservation of the gate is planned only to the height of the parapet, in order to serve as a gathering and information point for the entrance to the Tvrđa (Citadel) from the future car park for tourist buses planned in the former Hornwerk area.

Ključne riječi

Osijek; Baroque fortifications; Tvrđa, Horn Gate / Lower Town Gate; Baroque architecture; Chapel of St. Eleonor; Hornwerk; urban-conservation procedure

Hrčak ID:

218262

URI

https://hrcak.srce.hr/218262

Datum izdavanja:

30.12.2018.

Podaci na drugim jezicima: hrvatski

Posjeta: 1.362 *