Izvorni znanstveni članak
https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2019.1674179
Military expenditure and economic growth: evidence from a heterogeneous panel of African countries
Charles Shaaba Saba
orcid.org/0000-0001-6230-7292
Nicholas Ngepah
Sažetak
This study investigates the causal relationship between military expenditure and economic growth by using a balanced panel of 35 African countries spanning 1990 to 2015. It uses the more recently developed bivariate heterogeneous panel causality, GMM and SGMM estimation techniques. The country-by-country causality results reveal:(i) no causal relationship between military expenditure and growth in seven countries; (ii) unidirectional causality from military expenditure to growth in two countries; (iii) unidirectional relationship from growth to military expenditure in fourteen countries; and (iv) bidirectional relationship in twelve countries. These findings imply: (i) that the seven African countries with no causality can pursue defence policy objectives independently from growth policy objectives; (ii) in the fourteen countries, the fact that growth causes military expenditure and not vice versa implies that, defence decisions are not made in a way as to relatively promote growth; (iii) two African countries effectively use military expenditure for growth aims, hence military expenditure causes growth; and (iv) the bidirectional causality in the 12 countries implies that both growth and defence policy objectives can be pursued together. The GMMs results show that military expenditure has a significant negative impact on growth in Africa.
Ključne riječi
Military expenditure; economic growth; heterogeneous panel causality; dynamic panel model; Africa
Hrčak ID:
229699
URI
Datum izdavanja:
22.1.2019.
Posjeta: 1.452 *