Ostalo
Rescue Excavations of the Čepinski Martinci-Dubrava site on the Beli Manastir-Osijek-Svilaj Motorway Route in 2007 and 2008
Hrvoje Kalafatić
; Institut za arheologiju, Zagreb, Hrvatska
Sažetak
From November 2007 to October 2008, the Institute for Archaeology conducted rescue excavations at the AN 17 Čepinski Martinci-Dubrava site at the route of the Vc corridor, Osijek–Đakovo section. The Dubrava site is located south-west of Čepin, south of the Čepin Čepinski Martinci road, near Čepinski Martinci village (Map 1). The site consists the area of the Čepin motorway junction with the connection road and the toll-ramp and the motorway route north of the Čepin junction. The site itself consists of several lowland settlements from various historic periods (Fig. 1). In the area of the connection road, the eastern edge of the Lasinja culture settlement and several smaller pits were discovered which belong to the southern part of the early medieval settlement, excavated at the neighbouring Čepin-AN COKP site. In the area of the Čepin motorway junction, a Lasinja culture settlement was excavated with rows of above-ground houses and their corresponding infrastructure (Figs. 5 and 6). The houses are uniformly oriented with a rectangular ground-plan, longer that 15 metres, generally with more rooms; the largest among them had a porch (Fig. 5 and 6). They are oriented mainly east-west, i.e. they all slightly dip in the direction northwest-southeast. All large houses had a partly buried rectangular building to their south; based on the discovery of large ceramic vessels for food provisions, those buildings served to store food. In the vicinity of the houses, several round pits with cult burials of human skulls on their bottoms were excavated. A second type of house, with a square ground-plan, was excavated as well. This type had 11 metre-long sides, central supporting pillars and entrances from the south-east, with the same orientation as the rectangular houses. Those houses probably had a four-sided roof. The settlement can be preliminarily dated in the second quarter of the fourth millennium BC, the late stage of the Lasinja culture, with connections to the Retz–Gajary culture. In the south-east part of the Čepin junction, the Lasinja settlement is covered by a Baden culture layer. The ceramic finds analyzed thus far suggest dating of the settlement in the second half of the fourth millenium B.C. In the most southern area of the site a Copper Age incineration necropolis was excavated, considerably damaged by intense ploughing, and with several scarcely preserved graves. Further to the north, the 450 metres of a large Bronze Age settlement was excavated. The settlement had a system of ditches and the necropolis with preserved 20 graves on the south side(Fig. 10). Numerous preserved ceramic finds and bronze jewellery was found in the graves, though damaged due to exposure to fire on pyre. Funeral rites typical of the Barice-Gređani and Virovitica groups (Minichreiter 1984, Mihaljević, Kalafatić 2006, 2007; Dular 2002, Ložnjak 2003) were registered. Graves were rather scattered, probably as a consequence of ploughing. Other excavations with better preserved necropolises suggests a dense group of graves (Minichreiter 1984, Mihaljević, Kalafatić 2006, 2007; Dular 2002, Ložnjak 2003). Only the deepest buried graves remained preserved. The settlement includes several developmental stages of Middle and Late Bronze Age. Finds from the early Urnfield Culture, Tumulus Culture, Belegiš I and Belegiš II Cultures were registered. In its southern part, the Bronze Age settlement overlayed another smaller Baden Culture settlement. Eastern periphery of that settlement was excavated at the length of 90 metres (Fig. 9). Within the Bronze Age settlement, the south and the north entrances, the eastern borders of the settlement, houses on elevated terraces and the workshop centre with a system of ditches and numerous wells in the central lower part of the settlement were excavated (Fig. 10). At the bottom of one of the wells, the relatively well-preserved remains of a wooden structure were discovered, which will contribute to a more precise dating of the settlement. North from the Bronze Age settlement, the remains of an early medieval settlement were found. It is connected and chronologically simultaneous with the settlement unearthed on the connection road and dated from the eighth to eleventh centuries.
Ključne riječi
Eneolithic; Bronze Age; Early Middle Ages; Lasinja culture; Retz-Gajary culture; Baden culture; Urnfield culture; Barice-Gređani group; Virovitica group; rescue excavations
Hrčak ID:
50381
URI
Datum izdavanja:
21.12.2009.
Posjeta: 2.568 *