Croatian Operational Research Review https://hrcak.srce.hr/ojs/index.php/crorr <p>The purpose of the journal is to present scientific ideas in the area of operational research (OR) that will contribute to theoretical aspect and practical applications of OR. The journal publishes only original scientific papers in that area. The scope of the journal covers the following topics: linear and non-linear programming, integer programing, combinatorial and discrete optimization, multi-objective programming, stohastic models and optimization, scheduling, macroeconomics, economic theory, game theory, statistics and econometrics, marketing and data analysis, information and decision support systems, banking, finance, insurance, environment, energy, health, neural networks and fuzzy systems, control theory, simulation, practical OR and applications.</p> <p><strong>Journal publisher: </strong></p> <p>Croatian Operational Research Society</p> <p><strong>Co-publishers:</strong></p> <p>University of Zagreb, Faculty of Economics &amp; Business<br />J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Economics in Osijek<br />University of Split, Faculty of Economics, Business and Tourism<br />J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Mathematics<br />University of Zagreb, Faculty of Organization and Informatics</p> en-US <p>- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/" target="_new">Creative Commons Attribution License</a> that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal</p> <p>- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.</p> <p>- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See <a href="http://opcit.eprints.org/oacitation-biblio.html" target="_new">The Effect of Open Access</a>).</p> crorr.journal@gmail.com (Croatian Operational Research Review) crorr.journal@gmail.com (Ivana Mravak) Tue, 04 Feb 2025 12:16:01 +0100 OJS 3.2.1.4 http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss 60 Data mining approach in detecting inaccurate financial statements in government-owned enterprises https://hrcak.srce.hr/ojs/index.php/crorr/article/view/30737 <p>The study aims to assess the capability of various data mining techniques in detecting inaccurate financial statements of government-owned enterprises operating in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH). Inaccurate financial statements indicate potential financial fraud. Prediction models of four classification algorithms (J48, KNN, MLP, and BayesNet) were examined using a dataset comprising 200 audited financial statements from government-owned enterprises under the supervision of the Audit Office of the Institutions in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The results obtained through data mining analysis reveal that a dataset encompassing seven balance sheet items provides the most comprehensive depiction of financial statement quality. These seven attributes are: opening entry of accounts receivable, profit (loss) at the end of the period, operating assets at the end of the period, accounts receivable at the end of the period, opening entry of operating assets, short term financial investments at the end of the period, and opening entry of short-term financial investments. By employing these seven attributes, the MLP algorithm was implemented to construct the most precise predictive model, achieving a 76% accurate classification rate for financial statements. Leveraging the identified attributes, a mathematical model could potentially be formulated to effectively predict financial statements of government-owned enterprises in FBiH. This, in turn, could considerably facilitate the process of selecting GOEs for inclusion in the annual work plan of state auditors. Presently, due to resource constraints, government-owned enterprises in FBiH do not undergo regular annual scrutiny by state auditors, with only 10 to 15 such enterprises being subject to audits each year. The results of this research can also be beneficial to both the public and the Financial Intelligence Agency in the FBiH. The paper contributes to filling the gap in the literature regarding the applied methodology, particularly in the part concerning the attributes used in the research.</p> Amra Gadžo, Mirza Suljić, Adisa Jusufović, Slađana Filipović, Erna Suljić Copyright (c) 2025 Croatian Operational Research Review https://hrcak.srce.hr/ojs/index.php/crorr/article/view/30737 Tue, 04 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0100 Measuring trade facilitation for the emerging seven countries (E7) using multi-criteria decision-making methods https://hrcak.srce.hr/ojs/index.php/crorr/article/view/33089 <p>Countries provide opportunities for traders not only in imports but also in export performance by simplification and harmonization of documents in order to facilitate certain policy areas that have a tremendous impact on trade volumes. The OECD has established various indicators at different levels and compared countries to measure the trade facilitation between countries. This study aims to compare the procedures applied by the emerging seven countries (E7- Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Russia, and Türkiye) using trade facilitation indicators (TFIs) and multi-criteria decision-making methods. We employ MEREC, WENSLO, ENTROPY, LOPCOW, CVM, CRITIC, ANGLE, and GINI methods to determine the weights of 11 TFIs identified by the OECD. The most suitable weighting method is established through multi-dimensional analysis. E7 countries are then evaluated using the MABAC and ARTASI methods, with a sensitivity analysis comparing results against 38 OECD member countries. In terms of performance across all TFIs, Russia ranks first (MABAC-0.253, ARTASI-1.821), Mexico second (MABAC-0.186, ARTASI-1.802), and Türkiye third (MABAC-0.117, ARTASI-1.731).</p> Nuh Keleş Copyright (c) 2025 Croatian Operational Research Review https://hrcak.srce.hr/ojs/index.php/crorr/article/view/33089 Tue, 04 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0100 TOPSIS-based framework for evaluating employee cybersecurity risk https://hrcak.srce.hr/ojs/index.php/crorr/article/view/32141 <p>This paper presents the development and initial validation of a TOPSIS-based framework for evaluating employee cybersecurity risk (TFEECR). The framework offers a structured and objective approach to assessing multiple dimensions of employee behavior and attitudes toward cybersecurity. It integrates the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) with Saaty’s criteria weighting, enabling a comprehensive evaluation across five criteria: knowledge, compliance, risky behaviors, attitudes, and training. The framework is validated using simulated data, and it showed robustness in differentiating between high- and low-risk employees. Such results are useful for organizations that want to implement targeted interventions. A sensitivity analysis highlights the framework's adaptability to various settings. This conceptual framework lays the groundwork for future empirical validation and practical application in enhancing organizational cybersecurity.</p> Katarina Kostelić Copyright (c) 2025 Croatian Operational Research Review https://hrcak.srce.hr/ojs/index.php/crorr/article/view/32141 Tue, 04 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0100 New results on system of variational inequalities and fixed point theorem https://hrcak.srce.hr/ojs/index.php/crorr/article/view/31148 <p>In (Croat. Oper. Res. Rev, 13(1), 131-135, (2022).) A. Benhadid showed by a counterex-<br />ample that a number of publications in the research on the variational inequalities system contains inaccurate results about applying the Lipschitz continuity concept in relation to both the first and sec- ond variables during the proof of the main theorem on the part of authors. In this paper, We suggest to applying fixed point theorem to correct the main results of some publications.</p> Ayache Benhadid, Mahmoud Brahimi Copyright (c) 2025 Croatian Operational Research Review https://hrcak.srce.hr/ojs/index.php/crorr/article/view/31148 Tue, 04 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0100 Non-cooperative inventory games for defective items and quantity discounts using strategic complementarity https://hrcak.srce.hr/ojs/index.php/crorr/article/view/31193 <p>In this paper, the mathematical analysis for obtaining the equilibrium of the inventory games under strategic complementarities, the existence of defective items, and quantity discounts have been analyzed. The inventory system consists of many buyers who order a single type of product from one supplier. They compete with each other as a player in a non-cooperative game with strategic complementary. They maximize a supermodular payoff function and take into account some fraction of defective items from a lot of the arrival products. The concept of supermodular games is used to obtain the equilibria of these problems. A new existence theorem of Nash equilibrium in a specific condition has been proved. The optimum analysis has been justified for two conditions, that is the condition without discount and another without it. The numerical computations are provided using Python programming. At the end, the numerical result shows that elements of the Nash equilibrium set can be altered when discounts are considered. A quantity discount policy can be used by the supplier to prevent players from choosing the least Nash equilibrium.</p> Rubono Setiawan Copyright (c) 2025 Croatian Operational Research Review https://hrcak.srce.hr/ojs/index.php/crorr/article/view/31193 Tue, 04 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0100 Calculation of ecological land-footprint - based on the input-output model and focusing on the imported commodities https://hrcak.srce.hr/ojs/index.php/crorr/article/view/31469 <p>The ecological footprint has been a crucial ecological indicator for more than two decades, and the methodology for calculating it has developed significantly over the years. However, some issues and shortcomings still need to be addressed and specified further. This paper focuses on the embedded land requirements of imported commodities in input-output modelling approaches. We propose a refined model to overcome the shortcomings of two former models. Our model quantifies the embedded ecological land-footprint of imported commodities and their allocation between direct final consumption and production. In addition, we allocate the latter again among final consumption and exports using the framework of linear algebra and matrix arithmetic. We also propose ways of extending the model to overcome the general but misleading assumption in the literature that imported commodities have an equal per unit ecological<br />footprint to domestic products, an approach that is based on the idea that trading partners have the same technological background.</p> Imre Dobos, Brigitta Tóth-Bozó Copyright (c) 2025 Croatian Operational Research Review https://hrcak.srce.hr/ojs/index.php/crorr/article/view/31469 Tue, 04 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0100 Optimizing maritime routes: A multi-method analysis from Shanghai to Vladivostok https://hrcak.srce.hr/ojs/index.php/crorr/article/view/32538 <p>This research analyzes the marine route plan from Shanghai to Vladivostok utilizing Dijkstra’s algorithm, Markov chain analysis, game theory, and congestion analysis. Dijkstra determines the route through Busan and Hungnam as the shortest, with a total distance of 2114 kilometers and minimal travel time. The Markov chain analysis supported the designated path by demonstrating greater transition probabilities compared to other routes, so establishing it as the most probable option. Experts in game theory, particularly on the Nash equilibrium, demonstrated that cooperation significantly reduced operating expenses. Further congestion research corroborated that the Shanghai-Busan-Hungnam-Vladivostok route offers a cost advantage, and even with the inclusion of congestion, the route remains less expensive. The study collectively advocates for the consideration of distance, likelihood, collaboration, and congestion while selecting the optimal maritime route, hence enhancing efficiency in maritime logistics.</p> Syed Wajahat Ali Bokhari, Nasir Ali, Abid Hussain Copyright (c) 2025 Croatian Operational Research Review https://hrcak.srce.hr/ojs/index.php/crorr/article/view/32538 Tue, 04 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0100 A profit maximization model for sustainable inventory under preservation technology and linear time-dependent holding cost https://hrcak.srce.hr/ojs/index.php/crorr/article/view/32804 <p>This paper presents sustainable inventory model with constant deterioration rate when holding cost is time dependent. Demand rate is price and stock dependent. Preservation technology and carbon emission are considered for more sustainable approach. Shortages are allowed and are fully backlogged. In addition, a mathematical model is constructed to maximize the total profit function and the concavity is shown using three-dimensional graph. A numerical experimentation is carried to compute the total profit and the order quantity. To validate the proposed model, the sensitivity analysis is conducted for the total profit function as well as the order quantity. Results and observations are also discussed along with managerial insights.</p> Aashish, Pavan Kumar Copyright (c) 2025 Croatian Operational Research Review https://hrcak.srce.hr/ojs/index.php/crorr/article/view/32804 Tue, 04 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0100