Genetic diversity of European cultivars of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) based on RAPD and protein markers

Abstract

The knowledge of genetic diversity of wheat genotypes based on DNA and protein polymorphism is very important for breeding programs (MAS). The objective of this study was to assess the genetic variability among twenty – four European cultivars of common wheat using SDS – PAGE and RAPD techniques. Protein electrophoreses showed 31 polymorphic bands with 63.2% polymorphism. Genetic similarity based on Jaccard´s coefficient ranged from 0.067 to 0.933. Also twelve different Glu – 1 encoded allelic variants were identified among these 24 genotypes resulting from combination of 3 alleles of Glu – 1A, 7 of Glu – 1B and 2 of Glu – 1D loci. One novel allelic variant 6.5+7.5 at the Glu – 1B locus was identified. RAPD analysis showed that the number of polymorphic amplicons was 56 out of a total of 63 amplicons, thus revealing a level of 37.56% polymorphism. Maximum level of polymorphism (55.8%) was observed for the primer OPA – 03 and minimum one for OPD – 08 (13.8%). Genetic similarity based on Jaccard´s coefficient ranged from 0.396 to 0.805. As a result of this investigation, might be expected that the SDS – PAGE using protein markers and RAPD – PCR using DNA markers would be a useful tool for assessment of genetic diversity among wheat genotypes.