Diligent Farmers, double-entry book keeping, Georgicon
Abstract
210 years ago Nagyváthy János published the first systematic, agricultural trade book, called Diligent
Farmers in Hungarian in Pest. This outstanding person of our agricultural history was born on 19th January
1755, in Miskolc. After leaving the Protestant secondary grammar school in Miskolc, he studied law and
theology in Sárospatak. At the Protestant secondary grammar school in Losonc he became a Subrector, that
is, the the teacher of poetry. Due to a serious illness affecting his eyes he left this job and went to Pest for
medical treatment. During the long therapy he visited the lectures of Mitterpacher Lajos, who was the most
excellent theoratical agricultural specialist in the country. In 1782 he took military service for four years, in
the Duka cavalry regiment, where he reached the rank of a captain and he was garrisoned in Belgium, Italy and
Austria. As a commisariat officer he got to know the more developed agriculture of Europe, and it was at that
time that he studied agricultural technical literature. In 1786 he had a relapse of his eye disease therefore he
left the army and tried to find a cure in Vienna. Here he got acquainted with Jordán Péter, director of the
domains of the court, who employed him as an assistant. During the time he spent in the domain of Vöslau, he
could completed his academic knowledge with practical experience. In 1788 he moved to Pest where he made
friends with Kazinczy, Batsányi, Verseghy and Széchenyi Ferenc, who were the representatives of the most
progressive group of nobility. He became the member of the Magnanamitas Masonic Lodge. In 179o he
published four pamphlets anonymously called The change of religion, Civil prediction from the stars, The
red friend, Hours of joy in the life of a true Hungarian patriot. In 1791 he published The diligent farmer in
two volumes on 1213 pages recommending it to the sweaty Hungarian farmer. In this book he wrote about
all his experience and the regularities regarding animals and plants discovered by the developing sciences. His
main source is Elementa rei rusticae by Mitterpacher but he also mentioned 51 different books as sources,
(34 of them in the section about plant cultivation). Plant cultivation had the same importance and number of
pages as in the work of Mitterpacher but animal husbandry had twice as many pages. He wrote about the
breeding of all farm animals but it was not the chapters on animal husbandry that pointed ahead but his
remarks to help the rationalization of farming and the fact that he wrote about plant cultivation and animal
husbandry as a whole. The book made him well-known in the country. He was offered the post of a land
steward by Széchenyi Ferenc and Festetics György. Accepting the latter he moved to Keszthely and he took
over the management of the domain of 162ooo acres. The earl left the army at that time and started to restore
his neglected domain. Nagyváthys main task was to improve farm management. He introduced strict
accountancy and applied double-entry book-keeping for the first time and Hungary and his main principle was
to put down all farming activities in writing. The farm managers were not suitable for this task so he convinced
Festetics to found a school for them and an other secondary grammar school in the other centre of the domain
in Csurgó. By 1797 the condition of the domain improved significantly and the Earl founded Georgikon the
first agricultural college in Europe though without the land steward who favoured the idea of enlightment (the
court in Vienna would not approve it). After the expiration of his contract he retired and moved to Csurgó,
where he inspected the secondary grammar school as a secular inspector. He spent the last 22 years of his life
here hard working in respectable poverty. He died on 13th February 1819 (according to other sources on
24th). His posthumous books are as follows: Hungarian housewife on the farm (182o), Hungarian Practicus
Cultivator (1821), Hungarian Practicus Breeder (1822), Hungarian Land Steward (1822). In Keszthely
and in Csurgó secondary technical scools are called after him, his memory is kept by statues and marble
tablets. My aim was to commemorate a scientist, who disappeared into the mists of two centuries, by
presenting his life and his main work.
