durum wheat, stimulators, herbicides, germinative energy, seed germination, roots and coleoptiles length, waste grain, grain yield
Abstract
The research was conducted during 2007-2009 on the experimental field of the Cotton and Durum Wheat Research Institute, Chirpan, Bulgaria, on pellic vertisol soil type. Under investigation was Bulgarian durum wheat cultivar Vuzhod, which belongs to var. valenciae. Factor A included no treated check and 4 stimulators – Tritimil - 30 ml/da, Ramil – 30 ml/da, Trisalvit – 30 ml/da, Salvit - 50 ml/da. Factor B included weeded no treated check and 3 herbicides – Puma super - 100 ml/da, Grasp – 120 ml/da, Topik – 45 ml/da. All of stimulators, herbicides and their tank-mixtures were treated in tillering stage of the durum wheat. The weak adhesion of Grasp required its application with adjuvant Atplus – 120 ml/da. All of variants increase germinative energy with the exception of mixtures Tritimil + Topik, Ramil + Puma super, Trisalvit + Grasp, Trisalvit + Topik, Salvit + Puma super and Salvit + Grasp. Tank mixtures Tritimil + Topik and Ramil + Puma super are not influence on seed germination only. Coleoptile length is increased by mixtures of Tritimil with Puma super and Grasp. Roots length is increased by mixtures of Ramil with Grasp and Topik. Tank-mix combination Trisalvit + Topik decreases roots and coleoptiles length. Investigated variants do not influence on waste grain quantity. The most increase of grain yield is obtained at mixtures Tritimil + Puma super, Tritimil + Grasp, Ramil + Grasp, Ramil + Topik and Trisalvit + Grasp. There is antagonism by combined use of Tritimil with Topik, of Ramil with Puma super, of Trisalvit with Puma super and Grasp and of Salvit with the three antigrass herbicides.
