Effects of training and a semester break on physical fitness of police trainees

Authors

  • Filip Kukic Abu Dhabi Police
  • Velimir Jeknic Abu Dhabi Police College
  • J Jay Dawes University of Colorado-Colorado Springs
  • Robin Marc Orr Tactical Research Unit, Bond University http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8297-8288
  • Milos Stojkovic Abu Dhabi Police College
  • Aleksandar Cvorovic Abu Dhabi Police

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of a physical training program and semester break periods on chosen physical abilities and basic body composition indicators among police trainees. Body weight (BW), waist circumference (WC), push-ups (PU), sit-ups (SU) and 2.4 km run (RUN) times of 420 male trainees attending the Abu Dhabi Police College were collected. The testing was conducted by the police education centre during routine testing periods (June, September, December, May) which bracketed the semesters and could be used to investigate the impacts of the physical training program and any potential detraining occurring over the semester break. A repeated measure analysis of variance was performed to identify changes in results across the time periods with a Bonferroni post-hoc adjustment to identify where differences, if any, lay. The level of significance was set at 0.05 a priori. Following the semester break period from June to September BW, WC and RUN increased significantly (p<0.01), while PU and SU decreased significantly (p<0.01). WC and RUN significantly decreased from September to December and December to May (p<0.01); BW significantly decreased September to December (p<0.01), but did not change from December to May (p=0.267); PU and SU significantly increased from September to December (p<0.01) and December to May (p=0.018 and p<0.01).

Author Biography

Robin Marc Orr, Tactical Research Unit, Bond University

Dr Rob Orr served in the Australian Regular Army for over 23 years as an infantry soldier, Physical Training Instructor, physiotherapist and human performance officer. Still serving in the Army Reserve, Rob leads the Tactical Research Unit at Bond University in Australia, an international collaboration exclusively dedicated to tactical research. With over 50 tactical publications in peer reviewed journals, Rob supervises higher degree research students and other projects for various tactical communities. Rob provides consultancy and educational services both nationally and internationally and presents his work around the globe. Rob also serves as the editor of the Tactical Strength and Conditioning Report.

References

American College of Sports Medicine. (2013). ACSM's health-related physical fitness assessment manual: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Anderson, G. S., Plecas, D., & Segger, T. (2001). Police officer physical ability testing–Re-validating a selection criterion. Policing: an international journal of police strategies & management, 24(1), 8-31.

Anderson, G. S., & Plecas, D. B. (2000). Predicting shooting scores from physical performance data. Policing: an international journal of police strategies & management, 23(4), 525-537.

Anis, C., Leiper, J. B., Nizar, S., Coutts, A. J., & Karim, C. (2009). Effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting on sports performance and training: a review. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 4(4), 419-434.

Boyce, R., Jones, G., Llyod, C., & Boone, E. (2008). A Longitudinal Observation of Police: Body Composition Changes Over 12 Years with Gender and Race Comparisons. Journal of Exercise Physiology Online, 11(6), 1-13.

Campos, L. C., Campos, F. A., Bezerra, T. A., & Pellegrinotti, Í. L. (2017). Effects of 12 weeks of physical training on body composition and physical fitness in military recruits. Int J Exerc Sci, 10(4), 560.

Cocke, C., Dawes, J. J., & Orr, R. M. (2016). The use of 2 conditioning programs and the fitness characteristics of police academy cadets. Journal of Athletic Training, 51(11), 887-896. doi:10.4085/1062-6050-51.8.06

Crawley, A. A., Sherman, R. A., Crawley, W. R., & Cosio-Lima, L. M. (2016). Physical fitness of police academy cadets: Baseline characteristics and changes during a 16-week academy. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 30(5), 1416-1424. doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000001229

Dawes, J. J., Lindsay, K., Bero, J., Elder, C., Kornhauser, C., & Holmes, R. (2017). Physical Fitness Characteristics of High Vs. Low Performers on an Occupationally Specific Physical Agility Test for Patrol Officers. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 31(10), 2808-2815.

Dawes, J. J., Orr, R. M., Elder, C., & Rockwell, C. (2014). Association between Body Fatness and Measures of Muscular Endurance Among Part-Time Swat Officers. Journal of Australian Strength and Conditioning, 22(4), 33-37.

Dawes, J. J., Orr, R. M., Flores, R. R., Lockie, R. G., Kornhauser, C., & Holmes, R. (2017). A physical fitness profile of state highway patrol officers by gender and age. Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 29(1), 16. doi:10.1186/s40557-017-0173-0

Dawes, J. J., Orr, R. M., Kornhauser, C., Holmes, R., & Pope, R. (2016). Differences in Initial Fitness Scores Between Highway Patrol Cadets Who Successfully Complete or Fail to Complete a 27-Week Training Academy. Journal of Australian Strength & Conditioning, 24(6), 76-77.

Dimitrijević, R., Koropanovski, N., Dopsaj, M., Vučković, G., & Janković, R. (2014). The influence of different physical education programs on police students’ physical abilities. Policing: an international journal of police strategies & management, 37(4), 794-808.

Fleck, S. J. (1994). Detraining: Its effects on endurance and strength. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 16(1), 22-28.

Gu, M. J. K., Charles, L. E., Burchfiel, C. M., Fekedulegn, D., Sarkisian, M. K., Andrew, M. E., . . . Violanti, J. M. (2012). Long work hours and adiposity among police officers in a US Northeast City. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine/American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 54(11), 1374.

Hauschild, V. D., DeGroot, D. W., Hall, S. M., Grier, T. L., Deaver, K. D., Hauret, K. G., & Jones, B. H. (2016). Fitness tests and occupational tasks of military interest: a systematic review of correlations. Occup Environ Med, doi: oemed-2016-103684.

Hinton, B., Stierli, M., & Orr, R. M. (2017). Physiological Issues Related to Law Enforcement Personnel. In B. Alvar, K. Sell, & P. A. Deuster (Eds.), NSCA’s Essentials of Tactical Strength and Conditioning (pp. 577-604): Human Kinetics.

Lagestad, P. (2012). Physical skills and work performance in policing. International Journal of Police Science & Management, 14(1), 58-70.

Lagestad, P., & Van den Tillaar, R. (2014a). A Comparison of Training and Physical Performance of Police Students at the Start and the End of Three-Year Police Education. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 28(5), 1394-1400.

Lagestad, P., & Van Den Tillaar, R. (2014b). Longitudinal changes in the physical activity patterns of police officers. International Journal of Police Science & Management, 16(1), 76-86.

Liguori, G., Krebsbach, K., & Schuna Jr, J. (2012). Decreases in maximal oxygen uptake among army reserve officers’ training corps cadets following three months without mandatory physical training. Int J Exerc Sci, 5(4), 354.

Lonsway, K. A. (2003). Tearing down the wall: Problems with consistency, validity, and adverse impact of physical agility testing in police selection. Police Quarterly, 6(3), 237-277.

Malavolti, M., Battistini, N. C., Dugoni, M., Bagni, B., Bagni, I., & Pietrobelli, A. (2008). Effect of intense military training on body composition. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 22(2), 503-508.

Ormsbee, M. J., & Arciero, P. J. (2012). Detraining increases body fat and weight and decreases VO2peak and metabolic rate. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 26(8), 2087-2095.

Orr, R. M., Dawes, J. J., Pope, R., & Terry, J. (2017). Assessing Differences In Anthropometric And Fitness Characteristics Between Police Academy Cadets And Incumbent Officers. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research.

Orr, R. M., Ford, K., & Stierli, M. (2016). Implementation of an Ability Based Training Program in Police Force Recruits. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 30(10), 2781-2787. doi:doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000898

Pihlainen, K., Santtila, M., Vasankari, T., Häkkinen, K., & Kyröläinen, H. (2018). Evaluation of occupational physical load during 6-month international crisis management operation. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 31.

Ramadan, J. (2002). Does fasting during Ramadan alter body composition, blood constituents and physical performance? Medical Principles and Practice, 11(Suppl. 2), 41-46.

Shusko, M., Benedetti, L., Korre, M., Eshleman, E., Farioli, A., Christophi, C., & Kales, S. (2017). Recruit Fitness as a Predictor of Police Academy Graduation. Occupational Medicine.

Sörensen, L., Smolander, J., Louhevaara, V., Korhonen, O., & Oja, P. (2000). Physical activity, fitness and body composition of Finnish police officers: a 15-year follow-up study. Occupational Medicine, 50(1), 3-10.

Stojković, M., Čvorović, A., Jeknić, V., & Kukić, F. (2017). Influence of two-month training program on anthropometry and VO2max in recreational athletes. Int. J. Phys. Ed. Fit. Sports, 19(24), 19-24.

Suprak, D. N., Dawes, J., & Stephenson, M. D. (2011). The effect of position on the percentage of body mass supported during traditional and modified push-up variants. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(2), 497-503.

Theodorou, A. A., Panayiotou, G., Volaklis, K. A., Douda, H. T., Paschalis, V., Nikolaidis, M. G., . . . Papadopoulos, I. (2016). Aerobic, resistance and combined training and detraining on body composition, muscle strength, lipid profile and inflammation in coronary artery disease patients. Research in Sports Medicine, 24(3), 171-184.

Vantarakis, A., Chatzinikolaou, A., Avloniti, A., Vezos, N., Douroudos, I. I., Draganidis, D., . . . Fatouros, I. G. (2017). A 2-month linear periodized resistance exercise training improved musculoskeletal fitness and specific conditioning of navy cadets. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 31(5), 1362-1370.

Violanti, J. M., Burchfiel, C. M., Hartley, T. A., Mnatsakanova, A., Fekedulegn, D., Andrew, M. E., . . . Vila, B. J. (2009). Atypical work hours and metabolic syndrome among police officers. Archives of environmental & occupational health, 64(3), 194-201.

Downloads

Published

2019-10-15

How to Cite

Kukic, F., Jeknic, V., Dawes, J. J., Orr, R. M., Stojkovic, M., & Cvorovic, A. (2019). Effects of training and a semester break on physical fitness of police trainees. Kinesiology, 51(2), 161–169. Retrieved from https://hrcak.srce.hr/ojs/index.php/kinesiology/article/view/6696

Issue

Section

Articles