AN INSIDE LOOK AT THE FRENCH FOOTBALL FEDERATION’S WOMEN’S FOOTBALL DIPLOMACY PROJECT WITH IRAQ: INSPIRING EVERY GIRL IN IRAQ TO PLAY FOOTBALL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30925/slpdj.2.2.1Keywords:
Sports Diplomacy, Football, France, Iraq, Federations, Women’s Football DiplomacyAbstract
This article examines the French Football Federation’s women’s football diplomacy initiative with Iraq as an example of a type of integrative sports diplomacy that empowers the sports world, and those they serve, in new ways. The effort, driven by a non-state sporting actor with support from the French state via its Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs’ sports diplomacy approach, demonstrated sports diplomacy’s short-term “wins” like changing people’s minds, cultural engagement, and sharing technical expertise through sports, creating the possibility of new opportunities, and offering different incentives for the sports world to engage.
References
Alarass, Thaer Kadhim. Interview with the author, February 1, 2024.
Alkhiro, Yahya. Interview with the author, February 1, 2024.
CIES. “Global Study of Football Expatriates (2017-2023) - CIES Football Observatory”. Accessed March 14, 2024. https://football-observatory.com/MonthlyReport85.
Charitas, Pascal. “A More Flexible Domination: Franco-African Sport Diplomacy during Decolonization, 1945-1966”. In Diplomatic Games: Sport, Statecraft, and International Relations since 1945, edited by Heather L. Dichter and Andrew L. Johns, 183-214. Kentucky: University of Kentucky Press, 2014.
Charitas, Pascal, and David-Claude Kemo-Keimbou. “The United States of America and the Francophone African Countries at the International Olympic Committee: Sports Aid, a Barometer of American Imperialism? (1952-1963)”. Journal of Sport History 40, no. 1 (2013): 69–91. https://doi.org/10.5406/jsporthistory.40.1.69.
Culvin, Alex and Ali Bowes, Women’s Football in a Global, Professional Era, First edition. Emerald Studies in Sport and Gender. Bingley, UK: Emerald Publishing, 2023.
Dagher, Munqith. “The Secret Behind the French Interest in Iraq: A Geostrategic Analysis”. September 23, 2021. https://www.csis.org/analysis/secret-behind-french-interest-iraq-geostrategic-analysis.
Debru, Ludovic. Interview with the author, April 16, 2024.
Dietschy, Paul. “Creating Football Diplomacy in the French Third Republic, 1914-1939”. In Soccer Diplomacy: International Relations and Football since 1914, edited by Heather L. Dichter, 30–47. Kentucky: University of Kentucky Press, 2020. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv12sdv7x.6.
Dubinsky, Yoav. “The Nation Branding, Public Diplomacy and the 2023 FIFA Women’s WorldCup: US against the World.” In The Geopolitical Economy of Football, edited by Simon Chadwick, Paul Widdop, Michael M. Goldman, 227-234. London, New York: Routledge, 2024.
Ducroquet, Samuel. Interview with the author, February 19, 2024.
Embassy of France in Iraq. “Visites françaises en Irak,” La France en Irak. Accessed December 15, 2024. https://iq.ambafrance.org/Visites-francaises-en-Irak.
Embassy of France in Iraq. “Visites irakiennes en France,” La France en Irak. Accessed December 15, 2024. https://iq.ambafrance.org/Visites-irakiennes-en-France.
FIFA. “Women’s Ranking March 2024”. March 15, 2024. https://inside.fifa.com/en/fifa-world-ranking/women.
FIFA. “World Ranking Iraq”. March 15, 2024. https://inside.fifa.com/fifa-world-ranking/IRQ?gender=women.
France, French Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs. “Infographic: The main themes of sports diplomacy,” France Diplomatie - Ministère de l’Europe et des Affaires étrangères. https://pk.ambafrance.org/Infographic-The-main-themes-of-sports-diplomacy.
France, French Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs, “What Is Feminist Foreign Policy?,” 2022, https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/diplomatie_fe_ministe_a5_en-v2_1__cle8c266e.pdf.
France, French Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs, “France’s International Strategy for Sports Diplomacy,” France Diplomacy - Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs, December 2023. https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/french-foreign-policy/sports-diplomacy/france-s-international-strategy-for-sports-diplomacy/.
France, French Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs, “Feminist Diplomacy,” France Diplomacy - Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs, March 2024, https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/french-foreign-policy/feminist-diplomacy/.
“France’s Macron Reasserts Iraq ‘sovereignty’ on First Official Baghdad Visit”. France 24, September 2, 2020. https://www.france24.com/en/20200902-macron-to-reassert-iraq-sovereignty-on-first-official-baghdad-visit.
Gomez, Carol. “National Report: France,” Towards an EU Sport Diplomacy, 2022. https://www.tes-diplomacy.org/pdf/mapping-and-analysis-sport-diplomacies/TES-D_National_report_France.pdf.
Herbert, James. “French Revolution: Victor Wembanyama, the 2024 Olympics and the ‘huge Boom’ That Could Be Coming”. CBSSports.com, January 24, 2024. https://www.cbssports.com/nba/news/french-revolution-victor-wembanyama-the-2024-olympics-and-the-huge-boom-that-could-be-coming/.
Iraq Football Association. “Meet Naba Ameer: Iraq’s Youngest Female Player”. Iraq National Team (blog). October 25, 2017. https://socceriraq.net/2017/10/25/meet-naba-ameer-iraqs-youngest-female-player/.
Khalaf, Saoud. “The Hanging Goalposts of Babylon: Iraq’s Football Diversity”. https://www.newarab.com/ (The New Arab, November 6, 2023). https://www.newarab.com/features/hanging-goalposts-babylon-iraqs-football-diversity.
Krasnoff, Lindsay Sarah. “The Paradox of French Women’s Football.” In The Geopolitical Economy of Football: Where Power Meets Politics and Business, edited by Simon Chadwick, Paul Widdop, Michael M. Goldman, 95-104. London, New York: Routledge, 2024.
Krasnoff, Lindsay Sarah. “The Up-Front Legacies of France 2019: Changing the Face of ‘Le Foot Féminin.’” Sport in History 39, no. 4 (October 2, 2019): 462–483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17460263.2019.1667420.
Krasnoff, Lindsay Sarah. “‘You Open Their Minds’: Why France Moved Their Women’s Football Academy Away from Clairefontaine”. The Athletic, June 27, 2019. https://theathletic.com/1050454/2019/06/27/you-open-their-minds-why-france-moved-their-womens-football-academy-away-from-clairefontaine/.
Krasnoff, Lindsay Sarah. ‘France’s World Cup Title will Again Help Women’s Soccer’. espnW. August 9, 2018. https://www.espn.com/espnw/sports/article/24319560/france-2018-world-cup-title-help-build-momentum-2019-women-world-cup.
Krasnoff, Lindsay Sarah. The Making of Les Bleus: Sport in France, 1958-2010. Maryland: Lexington Books, 2012.
Krasnoff, Lindsay Sarah. Basketball Empire: France and the Making of a Global NBA and WNBA. London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2023.
Krasnoff, Lindsay Sarah. “The Up-Front Legacies of France 2019: Changing the Face of ‘Le Foot Féminin,’”. Sport in History 39, no. 4 (2019): 462–483. https://doi.org/10.1080/17460263.2019.1667420.
Krasnoff, Lindsay Sarah. “How France Made NBA History—Before Victor Wembanyama,” TIME, October 25, 2023. https://time.com/6327954/victor-wembanyama-nba-history.
Krasnoff, Lindsay Sarah. “Voice 20: Frédéric Lipka,” FranceAndUs. Accessed April 4, 2024. https://www.franceussports.com/voices/020-frederic-lipka.
Le Sport. Vecteur d’émancipation Des Femmes, 2024. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PnkvqzQIgzk.
Loudcher, Jean-François, Pierre Durand, Julien Roux, and Eric Claverie. “Did the 1904 Entente Cordiale Originate in Bordeaux Thanks to Sports in 1895? Reflections on Sport Diplomacy”. The International Journal of the History of Sport 40, no. 2–3 (2023): 125–141. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2023.2177273.
Mammo, Danny. “Iraq & Football: A Remarkable Story of a Sport Lost & Found”. Soccer Politics / The Politics of Football (blog). December 1, 2009. https://sites.duke.edu/wcwp/research-projects/middle-east/iraq/.
Murray, Caitlin. The National Team: The inside Story of the Women Who Changed Soccer. New York: Abrams Press, 2019.
Murray, Stuart. Sports Diplomacy: Origins, Theory and Practice. First Edition. London, New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2018. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351126960.
Murray, Stuart, and Geoffrey Allen Pigman. “Mapping the Relationship between International Sport and Diplomacy”. Sport in Society 17, no. 9 (2013): 1098–1118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2013.856616.
Parrish, Richard. “EU Sport Diplomacy: An Idea Whose Time Has Nearly Come”. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 60, no. 5 (2022):1511-1528. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.13317.
Parrish, Richard, Antoine Duval, Silvija Mitevska, Carmen Perez-Gonzalez, Vanja Smokvina, Albrecht Sonntag, Thierry Zintz, Andrea Cattaneo. Promoting a Strategic Approach to EU Sport Diplomacy. Rijeka: University of Rijeka, Faculty of Law, 2021.
Pigman, Geoffrey Allen and J. Simon Rofe. “Sport and Diplomacy: An Introduction,” Sport in Society 17, no. 9 (2013): 1095–1097. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2013.856612.
Prudhomme-Poncet, Laurence. Histoire Du Football Féminin Au XXe Siècle, Collection “Espaces et Temps Du Sport”. Paris: L’Harmattan, 2003.
Quentin Tonnerre, Quentin. “The 1928 Olympic Winter Games in St Moritz: Tourism, Diplomacy and Domestic Politics”. The International Journal of the History of Sport 38, no. 13–14 (2021): 1385–1402. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2021.1910238.
Rofe, J. Simon. “Sport and Diplomacy: A Global Diplomacy Framework.” Diplomacy & Statecraft 27, no. 2 (2016): 212–230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09592296.2016.1169785.
Roos, Pascal. Interview with the author, March 18, 2024.
Salih, Nabil. “Why Are There No Women in Iraq’s Football Stadiums?” openDemocracy. Accessed April 11, 2024. https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/north-africa-west-asia/why-are-there-no-women-in-iraq-s-football-stadiums/.
Sherman, Robert B. Ten Million and One: A Perspective on the Portuguese by Obama’s Ambassador. Lisboa: Actual Editora, 2019.
Soakai, Tia. “Pacific Step-Up Tour Brings Westfield Junior Matildas Back to Oceania”. Oceania Football Confederation (blog), July 30, 2019. Accessed November 10, 2024. https://www.oceaniafootball.com/pacific-step-up-tour-brings-westfield-junior-matildas-back-to-oceania/.
Stewart, Mary Lynn. For Health and Beauty: Physical Culture for Frenchwomen, 1880s-1930s. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
Stewart, Mary Lynn. Globalising Women’s Football. Bern, Berlin, Bruxelles, Frankfurt am Main, New York, Oxford, Wien: Peter Lang, 2013.
Williams, Jean. Globalising Women’s Football. Bern, Berlin, Bruxelles, Frankfurt am Main, New York, Oxford, Wien: Peter Lang, 2013. https://doi.org/10.3726/978-3-0352-0205-2.
Williams, Jean. The History of Women’s Football. Barnsley, UK: Pen & Sword History, 2021.
Williams, Jean. Legendary Lionesses: The England Women’s Football Team, 1972–2022. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024.
Wrack, Suzanne. A Woman’s Game: The Rise, Fall, and Rise Again of Women’s Soccer. Chicago, IL: Triumph Books LLC, 2022.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Lindsay Sarah Krasnoff, Daniel G. Kelly II

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.