The probable evidence of leprosy in a male individual unearthed in medieval Armenia (Angeghakot)

Abstract

The objective of this study is to present the paleopathological lesions relevant to the discussion of the differential diagnosis of leprosy. Macroscopic, histological and X-ray observation of the bones and scrutiny of lesions according to the paleopathological literature allowed the identification of a probable case of leprosy in an adult male from Angeghakot (Early Middle Age, skeleton 4). The remains of this individual present clear evidence of facies leprosa, rhinomaxillary syndrome, degenerative changes to the articular surfaces of the spine and appendicular skeleton, and periostitis on the tibia that represent the classic signs of lepromatous leprosy. Skeleton also presented bone changes on the foot (ankylosis middle and distal left phalanx, etc.).