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Philosophy and Philosophical Studia Among Croat Dominicans From the 13th to the 19th Century
Stjepan Krasić
; Pontificio Universita S. Tommaso, Rim, Italija
Sažetak
The article entitled Philosophy and Philosophical Studia among Croat Dominicans from the 13th to the 19th Century is about the relation Croat dominicans had with philosophy as a scientific discipline, beginning with the Order's philosophical-theological Studia in the territory of Dalmatia. In order to explain the nature and function of such Studia the author gives special attention to legislation and to the ratio studiorum which the General Chapters prescribed for the whole Order with regard to philosophy.
The article is divided in two parts: The first part is concerned with general topics connected with the relation of the Dominican Order with philosophy in the academic programme, the contribution of Albert the Great and Thomas Aquinas to the acceptance and introduction of aristotelianism and philosophy in the Dominican academic system, legislation, methods of teaching, etc, In his treatment of various types of studia of philosophy the author highlights two types of General Studia which have up to now escaped the attention of other historians: Studia Generalia of philosophy and Studia Generalia of the arts that in the 15th century should have been founded in all the provinces of the Dominican Order where the necessary conditions existed.
In the second part of the article the author studies the spread of the Order throughout Croatia where already in the 13th century numerous priories were founded in which philosophical and theological Studia must have been established. The existence of such Studia in the 13th century cannot, however, be confirmed through documents due to their being lost in the course of many painful developments. It is only at the beginning of the l4th century that one encounters more frequent and detailed evidence of the real existence of philosophical and theological Studia. Thus – according to the original registers of the Masters General of the Order kept in Rome – in 1396 the Studium Generale of Zadar was founded. The foundation of such a Studium usually presupposes the existence of conventual Studia and of at least one provincial Studium, which is only confirmed by later documentation. In this manner the author discovers that in the l7th century there existed ten conventual Studia of philosophy and theology and one particular provinciai Studium in Dubrovnik.
Particular attention is given to the Studium Generale at Zadar. It consisted of two faculties: one philosophical and the other theological. Theology was taught according to the Summa Theologiae of St. Thomas Aquinas whereas philosophy was imparted according to authors and manuals in use in philosophical Studia throughout the Dominican Order. In 1553 the Faculty of Theology was given the privilege of awarding the university titles of baccalaureate and doctorate. In order to receive the title of doctor bachelors first had to teach philosophy and theology for eight years. This period was subsequently shortened. The Faculty of Philosophy awarded only the title of lector. However, in order to obtain it, students had to go through a rigorous exam on the whole of philosophy. They had to present publicly and to defend their own theses, which usually included all of philosophy, and were obliged to publish these theses beforehand.
The teaching of philosophy was reserved solely to students of the formal (superior) course who had already passed through the requirements prescribed for the material (inferior) course. It was open to all, including lay people, and was taught by lectors known as lectores philosophiae seu artium. The article covers all the relevant aspects of the Faculty of Philosophy: its laws, the subjects taught the method of teaching, the three-year course of studies, etc.
The author mentions 34 such professors and 62 lectors in philosophy who from 1641 to 1807 were promoted to the Faculty of Philosophy. Their number, however, must have been greater. If such a number, albeit incomplete, is considered as the average and is also applied to other periods concering which there is no documentation, one may arrive at an approximate idea of the number of those who taught and were promoted at the Studium Generale at Zadar throughout its existence.
Ključne riječi
Hrčak ID:
81834
URI
Datum izdavanja:
2.12.1996.
Posjeta: 2.517 *