Medicina, Vol. 50. No. 3, 2014.
Pregledni rad
Testing methods of materials to be used in dental medicine
Višnja Katić
orcid.org/0000-0003-3299-8306
; Katedra za ortodonciju, Studij Dentalne medicine, Medicinski fakultet Sveučilišta u Rijeci, Rijeka
Stjepan Špalj
; Katedra za ortodonciju, Studij Dentalne medicine, Medicinski fakultet Sveučilišta u Rijeci, Rijeka
Sažetak
Stability of materials to be used in dental medicine is important for preservation of biocompatibility within complex intraoral environment. Biomaterials are various kinds of materials for implantation in the human body. Biocompatibility implies the balance between function, used materials and host. Assessment of biocompatibility of materials includes several biological tests, testing of physical properties (mechanical, corrosive), and risk-benefit analysis. All testing must be standardized and reproducible. Biological testing includes in-vitro, in-vivo and clinical tests. Testing is conducted on clinical and levels of non-specific and specific toxicity, and lasts during the usage of the specific material. Testing methods and definitions of mechanical properties – strength and hardness, friction testing, surface roughness and materials’ adhesion are described. Types of corrosion and electrochemical testing which describe susceptibility of material to various types of corrosion are listed. It is desirable to determine chemical surface composition, structure of materials and qualitative analysis prior to, and after exposure of specimen to the specific condition. Analysis of optical properties – color stability, translucence and opalescence- is important for materials implanted in visible areas. Thermal properties are tested with thermodilatometry (thermomechanical analysis) and thermal shock test, for analysis during manufacturing or use of dental prosthetics, and as mean of therapy. Photoelastic stress analysis (non-invasive observation method) studies distribution and direction of the stress. Results reliability depends on the research design, modality of sampling, sample size and methods for avoiding research errors. Predictive potential of mathematical models (finite elements method, meshless method) enables the comparison with standardized testing and programs construction, which facilitate everyday work.
Ključne riječi
biocompatible materials; corrosion; dental materials; mechanical concepts
Hrčak ID:
126274
URI
Datum izdavanja:
3.9.2014.
Posjeta: 2.223 *