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New Discovered Plans for Ivanić
Andrej Žmegač
; Institut za povijest umjetnosti
Sažetak
Ivanić, a locality to the east of Zagreb, was in the Middle Ages the property of the Bishop of Zagreb. It is the site of the present-day Ivanić Grad, where the earliest fortress was built probably in the 16th century, in the flat, marshy ground by the river Lonja. With the approaching Ottoman threat, the authority over the fort gradually passed from the bishops hands into those of the state. Until recently the oldest known plans of the fortification dated from the middle of the 17th century (table 4) showing a fortress, approximately square, with bastions at the corners, and an urban settlement on the neighbouring island. Since in the middle of the 16th century Domenico dell'Allio, an Italian architect sent from Graz, built fortifications against the Ottomans in Northern Croatia, he was generally believed to be the architect of the Ivanić bastion fortress.
The plans of Ivanić, mentioned by Rochus Kohlbach (Steirische Baumeister, Tausendundein Werkmann, Graz s.a.,p. 49) and found in Styrian Land Archives in Graz thoroughly change the existing concept of the history of Ivanić-Grad. There are three ground-plans, in fact projects for rebuilding the existing fortress, drawn in the late 16th century by Alexander Pasqualini (1567-appr.1624). Arriving from Netherlands, he entered the service of the Hapsburgs as chief military architect on this part of the border from 1598 till 1602. He belonged to a family of Italian architects who worked for generations in the north of Europe, in the Netherlands and Germany. His grandfather Alexander (1493-1559) is the author of the building plans for the Julich fortress, one of the first examples of the new Italian fortification style in Germany.
All three plans (tables 1,2,3) contain the outline of the older existing fortress, a wooden rectangular castle whose corner salients flanked only one, not two sides of the building. It is obviously the castle designed by Dell'Allio in the middle of the 16th century. That castle stood in Ivanić till the end of the century, when the decision was made to build a new fortress. In his first and second building plans, Pasqualini's fortress with bastions on the corners was conceived as rectangular, to be enlarged in the third plan to a square . The fortress was built according to this plan in the ensuing years, which is apparent from the ground-plan dating from the 17th century (table 4).
New insights into the history of Rennaissance fortifications in Croatia arising from Pasqualini's plans are as follows: the shape of the rectangular fortress built in the middle of the century by Dell' Allio; the fact that the building of the square-bastioned fortress took place half a century later; and the fact that the author of that building plan was Alexander Pasqualini.
Ključne riječi
Hrčak ID:
153845
URI
Datum izdavanja:
15.12.1998.
Posjeta: 1.465 *