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On coats of arms and book owners of the 16th century in the library of the Museum of Slavonia in Osijek (Fugger at the Museum of Slavonia)
Mladen Radić
; Muzej Slavonije Osijek, Osijek, Hrvatska
Sažetak
Department of museal printed items in Osijek conceals in its name actually one of the most important special libraries in Croatia. The purpose of this relatively new title is to emphasize a value of the book as a museum item although the content still remains the most significant feature of almost all librarian units.
A rough division between a profesional library and holdings of historical materials does not necessarily mean that books belonging to historical materials cannot serve as reference books. They keep fundamental numismatic, medical, historical, monographic, natural-science, legal, technical, philosophical, theological and other works from the 16th until the 20th century i.e. of special importance for museum materials analysis and publishing of expert and scientific papers. One small segment of this librarian treasure has recently been presented by MSc Marina Vinaj, librarian adviser and a longtime head of the Department of museum publications at the Museum of Slavonia in Osijek at the exhibition titled: The 16th century publications from the holdings of the Museum of Slavonia in Osijek.
Ex libris were in the past (the first items appeared in the 15th century) not only a sign of ownership but also a rarity and value of a book that was then a symbol of status, education, elite, economic and political power. One of the most important libraries in this part of Europe i.e. the library of the count family Prandau-Normann that had its centre in the manor-house of Valpovo fortunately found its place at the Museum of Slavonia. The history of the Normann family together with genealogical family lineages was published in Ulm in 1894 and fortunately enough our library is in the possession of this book. Almost nine thousand books were registered in the manuscript catalogues.
A part of books at the mentioned exhibition derives from the Gymnasium library as well as the Weissmann library; some more information about them was published in the mentioned catalogue. Coats of arms in the books from the Museum of Slavonia in Osijek published in the 16th century, appear as a part of typographical mark, impressed in covers (superexlibris) and as a part of exlibris glued to inner cover pages on special papers of smaller format. A coat of arms painted on the fore-edge is a distinctive example.
Besides coat of arms classic ex libris include an aristocratic title, i.e. a personal and family name and a function and more frequently a motto. Numerous abbrevations were often used due to lack of space. Besides the owner's mark on covers ex libris serve as a decorative element and are usually impressed as a blind print (Blinddruck), gold stamping or impressed with heated metal stamp (matrix).
The coat of arms in gold stamping on covers of the book by Matija Vlačić Illyricum (Flacius Matthias Illyricus: Catalogvus Testium Argentinae 1562), although quite worn out, resembles in all elements the coat of arms of old aristocratic family Rehdigerfrom Silesia. Owners’s notes in books tell us much about origin and track of a book and other libraries where such examples are located. The famous Bibliotheca Rinckiana (pg. 29, no. 314) is mentioned among others in the same book whose creator and owner was Eucharius Gottlieb Rink (Rinck, Rinckius, Rinkius, 1670-1745), a well-known German lawyer, heraldist and numismatist (he possessed a large collection of coat of arms and coins).
For me the most interesting example and actually an impulse to write this short but demanding work, is a book by P. Virgilius Maron : Bvucolica, Georgica, et Aeneis, published in Frankfurt in 1583. This thick book of a smaller format was bound in parchment and on front cover the coat of arms Anton Fugger was impressed on front cover, a bit out of centre in an oval, floral frame above which stands a year 1586 (Anthoni Fvgger) whereas Zacharias Geizkofler de Gailenbach in Hannscho im etMos. Eques Anrat rc. A: 1605 was impressed on the other side of cover exlibris, on a small paper in a copperplate-printing technique, also in an oval with coat of arms. The interesting fact is that Carl Ludwig August Normann Ehrenfels married Emma the countess von Fugger Kirchberg-Weissenhorn (1816 - 1866) in 1835. Anthon (Anton) Fugger is the name of two contemporaries and kins from the Fugger family (they died in same year 1616!), whose common ancestor was a greatgrandfather Georg (Augsburg, 1453-1506). George Fugger’s brother is a well-known Jacob II Fugger (der Reiche - the rich). Jacob II was a well-known banker of Carl V. Habsburg and a powerful European tradesman (the prince of tradesmen). He left his job to his nephew Anton Fugger (1493- 1560), the son of his brother George. The grandson of this Anton Fugger is also Anton (Anton Freiherr Fugger, Herr zu Oberndorf, Niederalfingen and Duttenstein, 1563-1616; father Marx or Marcus, 1529-1597) and he is the owner of the book of our collection. Zacharias Geizkofler de Gailenbach in Hannscho (und Haunscheim, 1560-1617) lived in Augsburg and performed an important duty of the main empire treasurer of the Holy Roman Empire (Reichspfenningmeister) and the adviser of the emperor Rudolf II.
As a central person of imperial politics in time of religious tensions and crisis in Hapsburg monarchy and in the centre of banking business, Augsburg, he was notable and connected with powerful bankers, the Fuggers. Out of their connection came a logical conclusion that our book changed its owners.
Another rare and important book comprises two exlibris with coats of arms. It is "Nowm Testamentvm” by Erasmus Rotterdam published in 1522 in Basel. There is an exlibris on the second page with the title: EX BIBLIOTHECA/Caroli. L: B: de Keller. CCH. There is a key on the coat of arms with decorative frame and a crown that was supported by two lions. Carl Joseph Freih von Keller was a royal Hungarian major-domo in Bratislava.
There is an exlibris on the second-last page with a coat of arms in a decorative, oval frame. Above the coat of arms there is a text: Qui illam legavit mihi; there is a motto underneath : Ruit hora. Under the motto there stands: Joseph. Du Beyne de Malechamps / S. C.
R. M. Consul. Aul. act. Et offic. Status. Royal adviser, the baron Aeodat Joseph Phillip du Beyne de Malechamp hosted also Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart as music lover.
The exlibris with an inscription on band was glued on inner page of the front pages of a small book bound in parchment. The book is small probably because it could be easily concealed and secretly read because Boccaccio’s "IL Decamerone” was on the list of forbidden books. The book was published in Lyons in 1555. The proud owner of this erotic success in the 16th century was Io. (Iohannes) Ios. (Iosephus) Seb. (Sebastianus) Eques et nob. ab Hauern. He lived in Vienna as a royal war agent (Hofkriegsagent).
The covers of Plutarch’s work in two volumes made of pig’s pressed leather bear identical coats of arms on both volumes (Plvtarchi Chaeronensis, svmmi philosophi & historici: Vitae parallelae..., Francoforti ad Moenum.,.1592). There is a coat of arms of Holy Roman Empire (German) in blind print on front covers (text beneath: DES HEILIGEN ROMISCHEN KEISERTHVMS WAPPEN. GEORG RVMLER), on back covers there is a coat of arms of an appointed German prince of Saxony Augustus (text beneath: VON GOTTES GNADEN AVGVSTVS HERZOG ZU SACHSSEN CHVRFVRST: G.RVMLER). There are big black impressed letters: M V A on front covers above the coat of arms, beneath the coat of arms, i.e.title, in black ink there is a year of 1603. The Saxon prince-appointee Augustus (1526-1586) evidently ordered this luxurious binding from the famous book-binder Georg Rumler in Halle, which was marked by him at the end of every inscription on covers.
Two books published in the 16th century, contain coats of arms in printing mark. The first one was printed in Venice in 1547 (Giovanni Boccaccio: Genealogia de gli qvindeci libri...) and bears the coat of arms of the count Collatino di Collalto. A renaissance poetess Gaspara Stampa (1523-1554) dedicated her love poems directly to Collatino di Collalto.
The second one was printed in Rome in 1592 (Alessandro Traiano Petronio: Del viver delli Romani) and the front cover bears the coat of arms of a cardinal Tolomeo Gallio di Como (1527-1607) with motifs of eagle and lion and he published the book. There are two identical coats of arms with a goose motif of the family Paravicino (Parravicini) under his coat of arms, i.e. Basilio Paravicino da Como who also translated the text from Latin in Italian.
Eventually and unfortunately I have to mention and roughly describe the coat of arms depicted in colours (tempera, gilding) on the fore edge of a book published in Cologne in 1575 = Colonia Agrippinae ( Hieronymi Osorii Lvsitani, Silvensis in Algarbiis Episcopi;
De Rebvs; Emmanvelis Regis Lvsitaniae...ad Henricvm Principem Regis..). Unfortunately the mere place where the coat of arms was depicted, and the turning of the leaves damaged illustrations and this book should be "put to sleep” and only viewed as a museum item without leafing.
Aporation of the Magi is above coat of arms and beneath Jesus’s birth is depicted. There are evangelists Marc with a lion and John with an eagle on the top edge, Luke with a bull and Matthias with an angel on the bottom edge. The illustration base is golden and characters and scenes are rimmed by a golden, dotted line. Colours are bright and motifs although tiny, are quite well depicted.
The coat of arms can be dated back to the 15th century by the shape of escutcheon and helmets i.e. the 16th century (Germany,
Austria - ?) and this is about an allied coat of arms (Allianzwappen) of two noble families. The covers also date back to the 16th century (Germany). The research of handwritten notes (exlibris): Monasteri Campililiensis catalogo inscrip. 637 refers to the rich library of Cistercian monastery in Lilienfeld in Lower Austria, brought no results about the owner of coat of arms but the research team of monastery library found out that it had been a part of their library and they knew even the name of the monk who inscripted his initials. Motifs around coat of arms indicate that the owner could be connected with church. This extremely rare example of illustrating the book’s edge is a real artistic gem and a good example why this old book represents at the same time a museum item.
Ključne riječi
Hrčak ID:
206996
URI
Datum izdavanja:
20.12.2011.
Posjeta: 1.276 *