Pregledni rad

https://doi.org/10.24099/vet.arhiv.0208

Contagious ecthyma of sheep and goats: A comprehensive review on epidemiology, immunity, diagnostics and control measures

Monu Karki ; Pox virus laboratory, Division of Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, Nainital District, Uttarakhand, India.
Gnanavel Venkatesan ; Pox virus laboratory, Division of Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, Nainital District, Uttarakhand, India.
Amit Kumar ; Pox virus laboratory, Division of Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, Nainital District, Uttarakhand, India.
Sasi Kumar ; Pox virus laboratory, Division of Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, Nainital District, Uttarakhand, India.
Durlav P. Bora ; Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara Campus, Guwahati, Assam, India

Sažetak

Orf or contagious ecthyma is one of the contagious viral diseases responsible for economic losses to the countries rearing sheep and goats. This disease is characterized by its peculiar cutaneous lesions present mainly in the mouth region and less commonly on other sites, such as the abdomen and inguinal region. The unique immune-evasion properties of the orf virus results into short-term immunity both in natural infection as well as post-vaccination, as compared to other poxviruses associated with the presence of virulence genes namely VEGF, GIF (GM-CSF/IL2 inhibition factor), vIL10, VIR and apoptosis inhibitor etc. The disease mostly occurs in a mild form. However, the ability of the virus to cause repeated infection in the same animal, high morbidity in adults, mortality in young lambs and kids, its zoonotic nature, and its ability to cross-infect other species besides sheep and goats, make it an important disease globally. The disease is endemic to all the parts of India and causes marked economic losses. Diagnosis of orf mostly relies on conventional laboratory methods and few newer techniques are in use at present. Therefore, it is necessary to develop effective vaccines and update the diagnostic methods used for orf, to specifically identify the pathogen and subsequently design the control strategy. In this review, we focused on the current status of orf, its geographical distribution, economic impact, virulence genes associated with the virus, molecular epidemiology and related approaches for diagnostics, immuno-prophylactics, anti-viral therapeutics that have been developed, and future perspectives for the control of this contagious disease.

Ključne riječi

contagious ecthyma; small ruminants; zoonotic; epidemiology; diagnostics; vaccines; virulence genes; control

Hrčak ID:

222719

URI

https://hrcak.srce.hr/222719

Datum izdavanja:

12.7.2019.

Podaci na drugim jezicima: hrvatski

Posjeta: 4.044 *