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The structure of motor coordination

Ankica Hošek ; Fakultet za fizičku kulturu, Zagreb

Sažetak

The investigation was carried out with the purpose of establishing the factor structures of the part of psychomotor space which refers to the part of complex motor tasks realisation. With this aim in view a battery of 37 measuring instruments was used. The instruments were arranged in groups of 4 to 6 for the assessment of the following hypothetical coordination factors: coordination-in-rhythm, speed of performance of complex motor tasks, speed of learning of new motor tasks, reorganisation of movement stereotypes, gross body coordination, leg coordination, arm coordination and agility. A representative sample, (consisting of 693 subjects), from a population of clinically healthy males, 19-27 years of age, was exploited. The data were treated according to the Little Jiffy Mark IV program developed by Kaiser adn Rice. According to this program the following were calculated: the intercorrelation matrix of coordination tests, the mean correlation coefficient of each variable with the others, the mean correlation coefficient of the whole system, the square multiple correlation coefficient of each variable with the remaining variables and the coefficients of representation. The number of significant eigenvalues was determined on the basis of Guttman's criterion. Guttman's "mild" criterion was applied also to determine the number of significant eingevaluesand significant eigenvectors of anti-image intercorrelation matrix. These latent dimensions were transformed into the orthoblique position: factor pattern, factor structure, factor weights and factor intercorrelation matrixes were calculated. In addition, indexes of factor simplicity for each factor and for the whole solution were calculated. The same operations were carried out for the factor structure of motor coordination in the second-order space. From a relatively well structured intercorrelation matrix, according to the applied criterion, six primary coordination factors were extracted. These factors could not be interpreted in accordance with the classic phenomenal or taxonomic orientation, characteristic of the work of many researchers in the field of motoric space analysis and also characteristic of the work of the authors whose studies served as a basis for this investigation's hypotheses. The structure of all, ans specially of the first three, factors demanded the functional approach to the analysis of results. Thus, the established factors were interpreted as follows:
- the first factor is responsible for the ability to develop and realise distinctively complex and complete movement programs, where the decisive function of cortical regulative mechanisms is the development, and the function of subcortical mechanisms is the realisation, of programs;
- the second factor is responsible for such coordination of cortical and subcortical mechanisms according to which subcortical centers develop quick subprograms of cortically developed main programs. At the same time this factor could be interpreted as the quantity and efficacy of obtained motoric information;
- the third factor if responsible for such coordination of cortical and subcortical mechanism is the situational formation of elementary programs.
These three factors are to the greatest extent responsible for the variability of the the general factor, the only one isolated in second-order-space. This general factor was interpreted as a system of mechnicisms responsible for the integration and coordination of structures for the development, control, adaptation and realisation of kinetic programs.
The fourth, fifth and sixth factors in the first order space, although not salients of the second-order factor, are highly correlated with it. They were interpreted as motor coordination factors of a narrower degree, asl follows:
- the fourth as rhythm structure realisation ability
- the fifth as timing
-the six as leg coordination (more precisely, as coordination of distal parts of the lower extremities).
The model, emanating form structure of the six first-order factors and one second-order factor, is the hierarhical model with collateral connections and feedback regulative loops. Cortical and subcortical regulative mechanisms, participating in different motor coordination abilities, vary only according to the predominance of their functions, which is dependent upon the complexity of the specific kinetic programs.

Ključne riječi

Hrčak ID:

228222

URI

https://hrcak.srce.hr/228222

Datum izdavanja:

1.1.1976.

Podaci na drugim jezicima: hrvatski

Posjeta: 1.016 *