Veterinar, Vol. 63 No. 1, 2025.
Stručni rad
https://doi.org/ISSN 0303-5409
The role of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ in the regulation of metabolism and immune response in domestic animals
Lorena Zorković
; Zoocity-Unconditional d.o.o.
*
Romana Turk
; Veterinarski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu
* Dopisni autor.
Sažetak
Adipose tissue, also known as fat tissue, has long been considered merely a storage site for deposition of excessive energy. However, it has been shown that it plays a crucial role not only as an endocrine organ, secreting various hormones and cytokines, and regulating metabolism, but also as an active participant in immune responses and the maintenance of overall physiological homeostasis. The hormones released by adipose tissue include leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and cytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukins. Leptin is involved in regulating appetite and energy expenditure by signalling satiety to the brain. It helps maintain energy balance by inhibiting hunger. Adiponectin plays a role in regulating glucose levels and fatty acid breakdown, thereby influencing insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism. Resistin is associated with insulin resistance and inflammation, while the cytokines secreted by adipose tissue regulate immune responses and inflammation. Energy in adipose tissue is stored in the form of triglycerides. During periods of energy deficiency, stored triglycerides are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol, which are released into circulation to provide energy for other tissues. It is increasingly recognized as an important modulator of immune responses and inflammation. Adipocytes secrete various cytokines and chemokines that regulate the recruitment, activation, and function of immune and inflammatory cells.
Adipose tissue macrophages are immune cells located within adipose tissue, contributing to both homeostatic
functions and inflammation. Their activation status affects the balance between metabolic health and dysfunction, such as insulin resistance. Understanding the role of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ and its involvement in metabolism and immune response is crucial for developing strategies to manage obesity, metabolic disorders, and inflammatory conditions in domestic animals, ultimately improving their health and well-being.
Ključne riječi
adipose tissue; leptin; adiponectin; resistin; TNF-alpha; interleukin
Hrčak ID:
331002
URI
Datum izdavanja:
20.5.2025.
Posjeta: 74 *