Original scientific paper
https://doi.org/10.3325/cmj.2023.64.421
Formation and elimination of soluble fibrin and D-dimer in the bloodstream
Anastasiia Udovenko
; Department of Protein Structure and Function, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
*
Yevgen Makogonenko
; Department of Protein Structure and Function, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Daria Korolova
; Department of Protein Structure and Function, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Nadiya Druzhyna
; Department of Protein Structure and Function, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Volodymyr Chernyshenko
; Department of Protein Structure and Function, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Serhiy Komisarenko
; Department of Molecular Biology, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
* Corresponding author.
Abstract
Soluble fibrin is composed mainly of desA fibrin and fibrinogen oligomers consisting of fewer than 16 monomers
partially cross-linked by factor XIIIa. Soluble fibrin cannot
stimulate Glu-plasminogen activation by tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA); therefore, it may not be a direct predecessor of D-dimer. However, within the microcirculatory
system, soluble fibrin oligomers may form microclots. Fibrin microclots stimulate Glu-plasminogen activation by
t-PA, a process resulting in the formation of Glu-plasmin.
Glu-plasmin dissolves the microclots, forming D-dimer. In
normal and pathological blood plasma samples, soluble
fibrin levels are substantially higher than those of D-dimer. Their concentrations in the plasma are also regulated
by transendothelial transfer, absorption by blood macrophages, and binding and internalization with low-density
lipoprotein receptors of the cells of the reticuloendothelial
system. Therefore, the exact mechanisms of fibrin clots formation and elimination in normal and pathological conditions remain unclear. In this study, we reviewed findings
on the molecular mechanisms of the formation and dissolution of fibrin clots, fibrin-dependent activation of Gluplasminogen by t-PA, and blood plasma behavior in the
microcirculatory system. Finally, we proposed a model that
explains the relations of D-dimer and soluble fibrin underlying the common and separate mechanisms of their formation and elimination.
Keywords
Hrčak ID:
331891
URI
Publication date:
21.12.2023.
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