Izvorni znanstveni članak
THE MOST IMPORTANT BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND SAFETY IN MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
Klaudija Višković
orcid.org/0000-0002-5927-3201
; Klinika za infektivne bolesti „Dr. Fran Mihaljević”, Zagreb, Hrvatska; Zdravstveno Veleučilište Zagreb, Hrvatska
*
Dario Posedel
; Zdravstveno Veleučilište Zagreb, Hrvatska
* Dopisni autor.
Sažetak
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has a superior soft-tissue contrast compared to other radiologic imaging modalities and has been regarded as a safe imaging modality due to the lack of use of ionizing irradiation. The objective of this article is to give an overview of the safety risks of the three electromagnetic fields used in MR imaging: the static magnetic field, the radiofrequency field, and the time-varying gradient magnetic field. The static magnetic field of an MRI machine attracts ferromagnetic objects and accelerates them toward the center of the bore, which can cause several projectile incidents. Biomedical implants and heat deposition have the potential to cause harm to patients. Bioeffects of static magnetic field comprise some sensory effects such as nausea, vertigo, metallic taste, and magnetophosphens. The radiofrequency field, which is used to excite the patient’s tissue and produce MR signals required for image acquisition is responsible for burns that may occur if electronically controlled devices are in direct contact with the skin, then if skin-to-skin contact in the patient occurs or if invisible silver-embedded microfibers are present in patients’ clothing. The gradient magnetic field serves for spatial localization in the image reconstruction process and is often switched on and off. This time variation induces an electric field in the patient that could stimulate nerves and muscles and generate cardiac stimulation. Acoustic noise and hearing damage are recognized as a specific MRI hazard. Hearing protection during the MRI scan is mandatory and must be correctly used. Four MRI zones are suggested around the MRI scanner. The access to these zones is restricted and the boundary of each zone is defined by its distance from the MRI scanner and by its purpose. MRI during any trimester of pregnancy has not shown any harm to the embryo/fetus, based on currently published studies, but prospective and longitudinal studies should be performed. The use of gadolinium-based contrast agents during pregnancy should be administrated with caution and only when it is expected that the potential benefits justify the potential risk to the fetus. Medical personnel entering the MRI suite need to be informed and trained in emergency procedures in different MRI zones.
Ključne riječi
magnetic resonance; biological effects; magnetic resonance imaging safety
Hrčak ID:
334102
URI
Datum izdavanja:
28.7.2025.
Posjeta: 559 *