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Polemos - Međunarodne studije, Vol. XXIX , 2026.

Review article

https://doi.org/doi.org/10.46672/po-mest.29.1-2.6

China and Central and Eastern European Countries within 14+1 Cooperation Challenges

Jelena Levak orcid id orcid.org/0000-0002-1745-6405 ; University of Applied Sciences Velika Gorica
Anita Britvec orcid id orcid.org/0000-0002-9930-3727 ; Libertas International University
Robert Bošnjak orcid id orcid.org/0000-0002-5159-342X ; Faculty of Political Science, University of Zagreb

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Abstract

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) aims to create a comprehensive framework for global mega-projects designed to enhance connectivity and trade between China and the rest of the world. Launched in Warsaw in 2012, the 14+1 Initiative is a key component of the BRI, serving as a platform for coordinating investment, promoting economic cooperation, and facilitating cultural and educational exchanges. It primarily focuses on addressing social and economic issues between China and the 14 Central and Eastern European (CEE) member countries. This paper examines the progress of the 14+1 Initiative through an analysis of economic exchanges among participating member countries. It also addresses the growing challenges and vulnerabilities posed by emerging security threats and geopolitical shifts, such as the war in Ukraine, which have significant implications for critical infrastructure
resilience. Furthermore, recent global developments, including conflicts in the Middle East and Eastern Europe, are affecting multidimensional risks and systemic vulnerabilities within the region. Special attention is paid to the role of technological innovations – such as the integration of AI and digitalization – in strengthening infrastructure resilience and ensuring long-term sustainability. Finally, strategies are assessed for enhancing risk management and improving cooperation between CEE countries, China, and other stakeholders within the BRI framework to safeguard critical infrastructure and sustain economic growth amid ongoing uncertainties.

Keywords

China; Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs); 14+1 Initiative; critical infrastructure resilience; technological innovation; AI; multidimensional risks; systemic vulnerabilities

Hrčak ID:

348955

URI

https://hrcak.srce.hr/348955

Publication date:

5.5.2026.

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