Original scientific paper

Electroencephalographic changes during experimental pain induction in goats.

Ruokuobeinuo Huozha ; Department of Veterinary Physiology, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
Sunil K. Rastogi ; Department of Veterinary Physiology, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
Jayant P. Korde ; Department of Veterinary Physiology, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
Arun K. Madan orcid.org/0000-0001-5791-8558 ; Department of Veterinary Physiology, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India

Abstract

Electroencephalographic (EEG) studies were conducted during experimental pain induction in goats to find the association between routine managemental stress and EEG patterns. Duplicate EEG records from 4 adult (age 8 - 12 months, 10 ± 2 kg body mass) female goats (crossbred Jamunapari and local), using bipolar scalp electrodes were obtained. Pain was induced in a conscious and locally anaesthetised state using a rubber tourniquet applied at the base of the tail and fastened. Xylocaine 2% was used as an injection in the epidural space to achieve local anaesthesia. EEG recordings were taken at 0, 2 and 5 min. after pain application and at the same time intervals after removal of the tourniquet. The EEG frequencies upon pain induction in conscious and epidural anaesthetized states recorded were 38.50 ± 1.96, 33.88 ± 1.42, 31.25 ± 1.39 and 41.88 ± 0.91, 35.63 ± 0.94, 31.50 ± 0.82 Hz at 0, 2 and 5 min of application of pain stimulus, respectively. The frequencies ranged from 26 to 46 Hz in conscious and 27 to 45 Hz in epidural anaesthetized states, whereas amplitudes were higher after 2 min of pain application in both states. With tourniquet removal, the frequency increased significantly (P<0.05) after 2 min in a conscious state, whereas in an epidural anaesthetized state, it increased initially and then declined significantly (P<0.05). The amplitudes and frequencies during pain induction and removal were found to be significantly (P<0.05) different from each other and significantly (P<0.05) higher than in the control (27.75 ± 1.13 Hz and 5.80 ± 0.21μV). Prominent behavioural changes were observed with pain induction. Hence EEG changes can be used as a tool to understand and quantify painful distress in goat.

Keywords

electroencephalography; pain induction; consciousness; anesthesia; goat

Hrčak ID:

69442

URI

https://hrcak.srce.hr/69442

Publication date:

20.6.2011.

Article data in other languages: croatian

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