Professional paper

https://doi.org/10.46419/vs.51.6.5

Diagnostic and surgical treatment of medial patellar luxation in dogs

Marko Pećin orcid.org/0000-0002-1186-4774 ; Veterinarski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Hrvatska
Anja Samardžić ; Hrvatska
Ozren Smolec ; Veterinarski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Hrvatska
Mario Kreszinger ; Veterinarski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Hrvatska

Abstract

Medial patellar luxation is a common occurrence and the cause of lameness in small dog breeds, and therefore of great significance in veterinary practice. However, surgical treatment of light cases, such as grade I is often avoided and not considered essential. In most cases, conservative treatment is insufficient. Luxations can occure due to trauma or can be present at birth, which is often associated with more severe bone deformations. It is hereditary disease. The severity of clinical signs depends on the degree of patellar luxation, though there may be no clinical signs until diagnosis is made during routine clinical examination. Apart from an orthopaedic examination, the diagnosis is set after radiography which can be negative in grade I or even grade II. The type of surgery depends on the degree of luxation and may be based on soft tissue or bone reconstruction. The most commonly used techniques are overlap of the lateral retinaculum, medial retinaculum release, trochleoplasty and transposition of tibial tuberosity laterally or distally. In severe bone deformations, osteotomy of the femur is applied. There are now modern methods to treat this orthopaedic problem, such as the use of endoprosthetic implants that enhance or substitute the patellar grove completely. An important role in treatment should be given to postoperative analgesia and leg immobilization. There are fewer complications, though there may be a recurrence of patellar luxation and loosening of implants, as the most common complication, or tibial crest fractures as the most severe complication. In most cases, the prognosis is excellent, the leg returns to normal function and lameness does not appear. This paper describes the clinical signs, diagnostic procedures and surgical treatment of medial patellar luxation in dogs with several of the mentioned modern
techniques.

Keywords

patella; luxation; degree of luxation; surgical treatment; implants

Hrčak ID:

239072

URI

https://hrcak.srce.hr/239072

Publication date:

1.10.2020.

Article data in other languages: croatian

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