Original scientific paper

Pathology of chlorpyriphos and T-2 toxin on broiler chicken

Paramanandham Krishnamoorthy orcid.org/0000-0001-7495-1333 ; Dr. ALM. Postgraduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
Subbiah Vairamuthu ; Department of Veterinary Pathology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai
Chidambaram Balachandran ; Centralised Clinical Laboratory, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai
Bhakatavatsalam Muralimanohar ; Department of Veterinary Pathology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai

Abstract

Forty-eight, newly hatched, unsexed broiler chicks were fed diets containing 45 ppm chlorpyriphos, an organophosphorus compound and 0.5 ppm T-2, a mycotoxin, singly and in combination for 28 days from day of hatch to study of pathological effects. Gross, pale, enlarged liver, distended gall bladder and streaks of haemorrhages in the thigh muscles were observed in the chlorpyriphos group, while the chlorpyriphos+T-2 group showed pale and enlarged liver. Histopathological changes observed in the toxin-fed birds during 14th and
28th days of the trial were as follows: liver revealed periportal fibrosis, mononuclear cell infiltration, necrosis of hepatocytes and bile duct hyperplasia in all the toxin-fed birds. Kidney showed tubular epithelial degeneration and necrosis in chlorpyriphos and chlorpyriphos+T-2-fed birds. Hearts of all toxin treated birds showed vacuolar degeneration of myocytes. The chlorpyriphos+T-2-fed birds showed necrosis of oral mucosa with infiltration of heterophils predominantly, along with mononuclear cells. Crop mucosa showed epithelial hyperplasia and
keratinisation in all treatment groups. Proventriculus showed hyperplasia of epithelial cells, glandular necrosis and infiltration of mononuclear cells in chlorpyriphos and chlorpyriphos+T-2 groups. The T-2 group showed epithelial necrosis, crypt elongation, diphtheritic membrane formation and mononuclear cell infiltration in lamina propria. Gizzard showed glandular interstitial fibrosis, infiltration of heterophils and mononuclear cells in chlorpyriphos, while T-2 groups and chlorpyriphos+T-2 groups showed interstitial glandular fibrosis and hyperplastic reaction. Intestine showed fusion of villi, necrosis, goblet cell hyperplasia and infiltration of mononuclear cells in lamina propria in all toxin-fed birds. Mononuclear cell infiltration, reduced zymogen granules and vacuolar degeneration in chlorpyriphos and chlorpyriphos+T-2 fed birds; mononuclear cell infiltration in T-2 fed birds was observed in pancreas. The chlorpyriphos group alone showed mononuclear cell
infiltration in the meninges of brain. The study indicated the pathological effects of these toxins, either alone or in combination, in various organs of broiler chicken at low dose levels.

Keywords

broiler chicken; chlorpyriphos; T-2 toxin; pathological changes

Hrčak ID:

25179

URI

https://hrcak.srce.hr/25179

Publication date:

20.2.2007.

Article data in other languages: croatian

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