Review article
https://doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2022-73-3669
Metabolic and genetic derangement: a review of mechanisms involved in arsenic and lead toxicity and genotoxicity
Olubusayo Olujimi Sadiku
orcid.org/0000-0002-2584-888X
; University of Lagos, College of Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Lagos, Nigeria
Andrés Rodríguez-Seijo
orcid.org/0000-0003-4868-3069
; 2 University of Porto, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Matosinhos, Portugal 3 University of Porto, Faculty of Sciences, Biology Department, Porto, Portugal 4 University of Vigo, Department of Plant Biology and Soil Sciences, Ourense, Spain
Abstract
Urbanisation and industrialisation are on the rise all over the world. Environmental contaminants such as potentially toxic elements (PTEs) are directly linked with both phenomena. Two PTEs that raise greatest concern are arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) as soil and drinking water contaminants, whether they are naturally occurring or the consequence of human activities. Both elements are potential carcinogens. This paper reviews the mechanisms by which As and Pb impair metabolic processes and cause genetic damage in humans. Despite efforts to ban or limit their use, due to high persistence both continue to pose a risk to human health, which justifies the need for further toxicological research.
Keywords
arsenic trioxide; DNA damage; human health; metal availability; oxidative stress; reactive oxygen species
Hrčak ID:
288074
URI
Publication date:
28.12.2022.
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