User-Friendly Website Design: A Combined Eye-Tracking Study
Ključne reči:
eye-tracking, usability evaluation, website usabilityApstrakt
A simple and intuitive operation – the so-called usability analysis of websites – is indispensable in modern times. In particular, drop-out rates can be applied as an indicator of existing usability problems. Eye-tracking is a proven method for the evaluation of the usability of websites. The aim of the study was to improve the usability of the website of an educational institute for trainees in the region as the target group. For this purpose, the use of an eye-tracking technology was combined with a survey of 30 trainees. The eye-tracking study was task-oriented: subjects were asked to inform themselves of particular course offers, and to register for the relevant courses. This procedure and the subsequent survey provided tangible indications of the search and surfing behaviour of the target group as well as their assessment of the usability of the website. This combination of methods allows the development of recommendations for optimizing the website with regard to its orientation, structure and level of comprehensibility.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Reference
Byrne, M. D., Anderson, J. R., Douglass, S., Matessa, M. (1999), “Eye tracking the visual search of click-down menus”, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, ACM, 1999, pp. 402-409, available at: http://repository.cmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1022&context=psychology (5 April 2017)
Cooke, L. (2006), “Is eye tracking the next step in usability testing?”, International Professional Communication Conference, IEEE, pp. 236-242, available at: http://www.rose-hulman.edu/Users/faculty/williams/Public/PDF%20Files/35.pdf (5 May 2017)
Cowen, L., Ball, J.L., Delin, J. (2001), “An eye movement analysis of webpage usability”, available at: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.106.4602&rep=rep1&type=pdf (13 March 2017)
DIN EN ISO 9241-11 (2006), “Ergonomie der Mensch-System-Interaktion – Teil 11, Anforderungen an die Gebrauchstauglichkeit”, Berlin, Beuth.
Duchowski, A. T. (2007), Eye Tracking Methodology – Theory and Practice, London, Springer.
Ehmke, C., Wilson, S. (2007) “Identifying web usability problems from eye-tracking data”, Proceedings of the 21st British HCI Group Annual Conference on People and Computers: HCI... but not as we know it, Vol. 1, pp. 119-128.
Goldberg, J. H., Kotval, X. P. (1999), “Computer Interface Evaluation using Eye Movements: Methods and Constructs”, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, Vol. 24, pp. 631-645.
Goldberg, J. H., Stimson, M. J., Lewenstein, M., Scott, N., Wichansky, A. M. (2002), “Eye Tracking in Web Search Tasks: Design Implications”, Eye Tracking Research & Applications (ETRA) Symposium, ACM, pp. 51-58.
Just, M. A., Carpenter, P. A. (1976), “Eye fixations and cognitive processes.” Cognitive psychology, Vol. 8 No. 4, pp. 441-480, available at: http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED121119.pdf (29 March 2017)
Mich, L., Franch, M., Gaio, L. (2003), “Evaluating and designing web site quality”, IEEE MultiMedia, Vol. 10 No. 1, pp. 34-43.
Nielsen, J. (2012), “Usability 101: Introduction to usability”, available at: https://www.nngroup.com/articles/usability-101-introduction-to-usability/ (22 March 2017)
Schweibenz, W., Thissen, F. (2003), Qualität im Web: Benutzerfreundliche Webseiten durch Usability Evaluation, Berlin, Springer.
Shackel, B. (2009), “Usability - Context, framework, definition, design and evaluation”, available at: http://sci-hub.cc/10.1016/j.intcom.2009.04.007 (22 March 2017).
Speicher, M. (2015), “What is usability?”, available at: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1502.06792.pdf (22 March 2017)
Vogt, P. (2002), “Dem Surfer auf der Spur”, c´t- Magazin für Computertechnik, 14/2002, pp. 180.
Volckmann, J., Lippert, M. (2006), “Web Usability Testing“, in: Arbeitspapiere WI, No. 1/2006, Eds.: Professur BWL – Wirtschaftsinformatik, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Gießen.