Stay Healthy: Slovenian users' Opinions about the Covid-19 Contact-Tracing Mobile Application
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54820/entrenova-2022-0011Ključne reči:
contact tracing mobile applicationscontact tracing mobile applications, Covid-19; Slovenia, deep learning, mobile phonesApstrakt
This paper aims to provide a systemic vision of the role and specifics of a Covid-19 contact-tracing mobile application, which can be presented as a data-driven mobile application for citizens in urban data management processes and is essential for a sustainable urban ecosystem to inform the user about contact with a potentially infected person. The study aims to reveal the behaviour of adults when using such an application. We also attempt to discover how the Covid 19 pandemic has changed communication and why users use mobile phones and their features, such as Bluetooth and GPS. The research focused on Slovenia and was conducted during the Covid-19 pandemic in April 2021. Five hundred adults were surveyed. The mixed-method survey investigates the determinants of adult citizens’ behaviour in the Republic of Slovenia concerning the #Ostanizdrav application from three perspectives (installed app, activated app, and app used to report infection). In addition, the study examines the barriers and levers to using a contact tracing application to combat the pandemic in Slovenia. The second part of the study involves developing a Deep Learning-based predictive model trained on the data collected due to the survey.
Reference
Agency for Communication Networks and Services of the Republic of Slovenia (2021), “Report on the development of the electronic communications market for the first quarter of 2021”, available at: https://www.akos-rs.si/telekomunikacije/raziscite/novice/novica/porocilo-o-razvoju-trga-elektronskih-komunikacij-za-prvo-cetrtletje-2021-1 / (12 Oct 2021).
Al-Emran, M., Ehrenfeld, J. M. (2021), “Breaking out of the Box: Wearable Technology Applications for Detecting the Spread of COVID-19”, Journal of Medical Systems, Vol. 45 No. 2, pp. 1-2.
Apple store (2021), available at: apps.apple.com/us/app/ostanizdrav/id1527561313https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=si.gov.ostanizdrav&hl=en_US&gl=US / (14 Oct 2021).
Bengio, Y. (2009), “Learning deep architectures for AI”, Now Publishers Inc., Delft.
Biddle, S. (2020), “The inventors of Bluetooth say there could be problems using their tech for coronavirus contact tracing", available at: https://theintercept.com/2020/05/05/coronavirus-bluetooth-contact-tracing/ / (14 Oct 2021).
Bradford, L., Aboy, M., Liddell, K. (2020), “COVID-19 contact tracing apps: a stress test for privacy, the GDPR, and data protection regimes”, Journal of Law and the Biosciences, Vol 7 No.1.
Commission recommendation (EU) 2020/518, available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32020H0518 / (23 Oct 2021).
Communication from the commission: Guidance on Apps supporting the fight against COVID 19 pandemic in relation to data protection (2020/C 124 I/01 available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52020XC0417%2808%29 / (14 Oct 2021).
Elkhodr, M., Mubin, O., Iftikhar, Z., Masood, M., Alsinglawi, B., Shahid, S., Alnajjar, F. (2021), “Technology, Privacy, and User Opinions of COVID-19 Mobile Apps for Contact Tracing: Systematic Search and Content Analysis”, Journal of Medical Internet Research, Vol 23 No. 2.
European Commission (2021), “Mobile contact tracing apps in EU Member States”, available at: https://ec.europa.eu/info/live-work-travel-eu/coronavirus-response/travel-during-coronavirus-pandemic/mobile-contact-tracing-apps-eu-member-states_en / (27 Oct 2021).
Gov.Si (2021), “Mobilna aplikacija #OstaniZdrav (Mobile application # Stay Health)”, available at: https://www.gov.si/teme/koronavirus-sars-cov-2/mobilna-aplikacija-ostanizdrav/ (27 October 2021).
Google store (2021), available at: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=si.gov.ostanizdrav&hl=en_US&gl=US/ / (27 Oct 2021).
Heen, M. S., Lieberman, J. D., Miethe, T. D. (2014), “A comparison of different online sampling approaches for generating national samples”, Center for Crime and Justice Policy, Vol. 1 No. 9, pp. 1-8.
Hinch R, Probert W, Nurtay, A., Kendall, M., Wymant, C., Hal, M., Lythgoe, K., Cruz, A.B., Zhao, L., Stewart, A., Ferreti, L., Parker, M., Meroueh, A., Mathias, B., Stevenson, S., Montero, D., Warren, J., Mather, N.K., Finkelstein, A., Abeler-Dörner, L., Bonsall, D., Fraser, C. (2020), “ Effective configurations of a digital contact tracing App: a report to NHSX”, available at: https://045.medsci.ox.ac.uk/files/files/report-effective-app-configurations.pdf / (27 Oct 2021).
Lewis, D. (2021), “Contact-tracing apps help reduce COVID infections, data suggest: Evaluations find apps are useful, but would benefit from better integration into healthcare systems”, Nature, Vol. 591, pp. 18-19.
Martin, T., Karopoulos, G., Hernández-Ramos, J. L., Kambourakis, G., Nai Fovino, I. (2020), “Demystifying COVID-19 digital contact tracing: A survey on frameworks and mobile apps”, Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, Vol 2020.
Mbunge, E. (2020), “Integrating emerging technologies into COVID-19 contact tracing: Opportunities, challenges and pitfalls”, Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, Vol. 14 No. 6, pp.1631-1636.
Meijer, A, Webster, C.W.R. (2020), “The COVID-19-crisis and the information polity: An overview of responses and discussions in twenty-one countries from six continents”, Information Polity, Vol. 25 No. 3, pp. 243-274.
Michael, K., Abbas, R. (2020), “Behind COVID-19 contact trace apps: the Google–Apple partnership”, IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine, Vol. 9 No. 5, pp. 71-76.
Morley, J., Cowls, J., Taddeo, M., Floridi, L. (2020), Ethical guidelines for COVID-19 tracing apps. Nature, Vol 582, pp. 29-31.
Muncaster, P. (2020, 21 Apr), “#COVID19 Tracing App Leaks User Data”, available at: https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/covid19-tracing-app-leaks-user/ (27 Oct, 2021).
Petrovic, N. (2019), “Churn Prediction in Telco Industry Leveraging Call Center Data”, In Vukosavić, S., Lončar, B. (Eds.), 6th International Conference on Electrical, Electronic and Computing Engineering, IcETRAN 2019, Silver Lake, Serbia, June 03 – 06, 2019. ETRAN Society, Belgrade, Academic Mind, Belgrade, pp. 845-850.
Petrović, N., Roblek, V., Papachashvili, N. (2021), “Decision Support Based on Data Mining for Post COVID-19 Tourism Industry”, In Nikolić, V., Antić, D., Simonović, M., Perić, S. (Eds.), Proceedings of the XV International Conference on Systems, Automatic Control and Measurements, Saum 2021, Niš, Serbia, 9-10, 2021. Assosiaton of Serbia for Systems Automatic Control and Measurements, Niš, pp. 29-32.
Ramakrishnan, A. M., Ramakrishnan, A. N., Lagan, S., Torous, J. (2020), “From Symptom Tracing to Contact Tracing: A Framework to Explore and Assess COVID-19 Apps”, Future Internet, Vol. 12 No. 9, pp. 153.
Simmhan, Y., Rambha, T., Khochare, A., Ramesh, S., Baranawal, A., George, J. V., ... Kiran, R. (2021), “GoCoronaGo: Privacy Respecting Contact Tracing for COVID-19 Management”, Journal of the Indian Institute of Science, Vol. 100, pp. 623-646.
Singer, N. (2020, July 2020), “Google Promises Privacy With Virus App but Can Still Collect Location Data”, The New York Times, Section B, p. 1, available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/20/technology/google-covid-tracker-app.html / (27 Oct 2021).
Sovdat, P. (2020), “Obvezna uporaba koronaaplikacije za gibanje po regijah je neustavna in huliganska. Kaj narediti, če policist zahteva, da pokažete telefon? (The mandatory use of the corona application for regional movement is unconstitutional and hooligan. What if a police officer asks you to show me your phone?)”, Finance, available at: https://www.finance.si/8969417/Obvezna-uporaba-koronaaplikacije-za-gibanje-po-regijah-je-neustavna-in-huliganska-Kaj-narediti-ce-policist-zahteva-da-pokazete-telefon / (27 October 2021).
Starks, T. (2020), “Early Covid-19 tracing apps easy prey for hackers, and it might get worse before it gets better”, Politico, available at: https://www.politico.com/news/2020/07/06/coronavirus-tracing-app-hacking-348601 / (27 Oct 2021).
Statistical office of Republic of Slovenia (2021), “Digital society”, available at https://www.stat.si/StatWeb/Field/Index/8 / (27 Ocotber 2021).
Stevens, E., Antiga, L., Viehmann, T (2020), “Deep Learning with PyTorch”, Manning Publications Co., Shelter Island, NY.
Trivedi, A., Vasisht, D. (2020), “Digital contact tracing: technologies, shortcomings, and the path forward”, ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, Vol. 50 No. 4, pp. 75-81.
Urbaczewski, A., Lee, Y. J. (2020), “Information Technology and the pandemic: a preliminary multinational analysis of the impact of mobile tracing technology on the COVID-19 contagion control”, European Journal of Information Systems, Vol. 29 No. 4, pp. 405-414.
WHO (2020), “WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 11 Mar 2020”, available at: https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020 / (27 Oct 2021).
WHO (2021), “Contact tracing in the context of COVID-19”, available at_ https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/contact-tracing-in-the-context-of-covid-19 / (27 Oct 2021).
Zeinalipour-Yazti, D., Claramunt, C. (2020), “Covid-19 mobile contact tracing apps (mcta): A digital vaccine or a privacy demolition?”, In Zeitouni, K., Borcea, C., Salim, F. (Eds.), Proceedings 2020 21st IEEE International Conference on Mobile Data Management (MDM), Versailles, France 30 Jun – 3 Jul 2020. IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, pp. 1-4.
##submission.downloads##
Objavljeno
Kako citirati
Broj časopisa
Sekcija
Licenca
Sva prava zadržana (c) 2022 ENTRENOVA - ENTerprise REsearch InNOVAtion
Ovaj rad je pod Creative Commons Autorstvo-Nekomercijalno 4.0 Internacionalna licenca.
