Biochemical, histological and histochemical changes in Aristichthys nobilis Rich. liver exposed to thiamethoxam

Authors

  • Stela Stoyanova Plovdiv University, Faculty of Biology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Tzar Assen str. 24, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
  • Vesela Yancheva Plovdiv University, Faculty of Biology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Tzar Assen str. 24, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
  • Ilia Iliev Plovdiv University, Faculty of Biology, Department Biochemistry and Microbiology, Tzar Assen str. 24, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
  • Tonka Vasileva Plovdiv University, Faculty of Biology, Department Biochemistry and Microbiology, Tzar Assen str. 24, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
  • Veselin Bivolarski Plovdiv University, Faculty of Biology, Department Biochemistry and Microbiology, Tzar Assen str. 24, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
  • Iliana Velcheva Plovdiv University, Faculty of Biology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Tzar Assen str. 24, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
  • Elenka Georgieva Plovdiv University, Faculty of Biology, Department of Developmental Biology, Tzar Assen str. 24, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18054/pb.v118i1.2828

Abstract

Background and purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the insecticide thiamethoxam on some biochemical, histological and histochemical parameters of bighead carp liver (Aristichthys nobilis), which is an economically important fish species for aquaculture.

Materials and methods: Different increasing concentrations of 6.6 mg l-1, 10 mg l-1 and 20 mg l-1 of the test chemical under laboratory conditions were tested for their toxicity on fish for 96. The hepatic activity of the enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) were measured. In addition, the hepatic histological structure was observed for alterations, as well as the lipid content was observed by histochemical staining.

Results: It was determined that the enzymatic activity of the exposed fish was increased compared to the control group (p<0.05). Furthermore, the enzymatic activity was increased proportionally to the increasing thiamethoxam concentrations. The histological lesions, which were observed in the liver parenchyma, were degenerative and necrotic. The degenerative alterations were as follows: granular, balloon and fatty degeneration. The necrotic alterations in the fish liver were associated with presence of karyopyknosis, karyorrehsis and karyolysis, respectively.  The histological alterations in the liver blood vessels were hyperemia and lymphocyte proliferation. Along with the established histological changes in the liver parenchyma, we found presence of fatty degeneration in the hepatocytes using Sudan III staining on cryostat sections.

Conclusions: Our study shows that there is a relation between the concentration of the insecticide and biochemical changes, as well the severity of expression of the histological and histochemical alterations in the bighead carp liver. Overall, such experiments could be successfully applied in research and monitoring programs to study the effects of pesticides on fish.

 

Keywords: Insecticide, Thiamethoxam, Fish Liver, Enzymatic activity, Histological alterations

Author Biographies

Stela Stoyanova, Plovdiv University, Faculty of Biology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Tzar Assen str. 24, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria

Plovdiv University, Faculty of Biology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Tzar Assen str. 24, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria

Vesela Yancheva, Plovdiv University, Faculty of Biology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Tzar Assen str. 24, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria

Plovdiv University, Faculty of Biology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Tzar Assen str. 24, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria

Ilia Iliev, Plovdiv University, Faculty of Biology, Department Biochemistry and Microbiology, Tzar Assen str. 24, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria

Plovdiv University, Faculty of Biology, Department Biochemistry and Microbiology, Tzar Assen str. 24, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria

Tonka Vasileva, Plovdiv University, Faculty of Biology, Department Biochemistry and Microbiology, Tzar Assen str. 24, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria

Plovdiv University, Faculty of Biology, Department Biochemistry and Microbiology, Tzar Assen str. 24, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria

Veselin Bivolarski, Plovdiv University, Faculty of Biology, Department Biochemistry and Microbiology, Tzar Assen str. 24, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria

Plovdiv University, Faculty of Biology, Department Biochemistry and Microbiology, Tzar Assen str. 24, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria

Iliana Velcheva, Plovdiv University, Faculty of Biology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Tzar Assen str. 24, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria

Plovdiv University, Faculty of Biology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Tzar Assen str. 24, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria

Elenka Georgieva, Plovdiv University, Faculty of Biology, Department of Developmental Biology, Tzar Assen str. 24, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria

Plovdiv University, Faculty of Biology, Department of Developmental Biology, Tzar Assen str. 24, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria

Downloads

Additional Files

Published

2016-03-16

Issue

Vol. 118 No. 1 (2016)

Section

Articles

License

The contents of PERIODICUM BIOLOGORUM may be reproduced without permission provided that credit is given to the journal. It is the author’s responsibility to obtain permission to reproduce illustrations, tables, etc. from other publications.