UTJECAJ ODLUKA I NAČELA EUROPSKOG SUDA ZA LJUDSKA PRAVA NA UREĐENJE INSTITUTA POSEBNIH DOKAZNIH RADNJI U UJEDINJENOJ KRALJEVINI S POSEBNIM NAGLASKOM NA PRESRETANJE KOMUNIKACIJA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25234/pv/16994Ključne riječi:
posebne dokazne radnje, ESLJP, EKLJP, pravo na zaštitu privatnog i obiteljskog života, RIPA, IPASažetak
Regulatorni je mehanizam presretanja komunikacija u Ujedinjenoj Kraljevini doživio supstancijalne izmjene u posljednjih nekoliko desetljeća. Sve do presuđenja ESLJP-a u predmetu Malone (1984.), u kojem je konstatirana povreda prava na zaštitu privatnog i obiteljskog života iz čl. 8. EKLJP-a, Ujedinjena Kraljevina nije ni imala koncizan zakonodavni okvir koji bi regulirao materiju presretanja komunikacija. Kroz standarde postulirane praksom ESLJP-a mijenjani su i zakonodavni okviri koji reguliraju predmetnu materiju. Implementacija EKLJP-a u britanski pravni sustav nametnula je više standarde kad je riječ o zaštiti privatnog života kako to jamči čl. 8. EKLJP-a u ozračju kojih cammon law pristup da „policija može raditi što želi sve dok to nije zakonom zabranjeno“, više nije bio održiv.
Institut posebnih dokaznih radnji u Ujedinjenoj Kraljevini normiran je posebnim zakonima o istražnim ovlastima te pripadajućim kodeksima prakse, a ne Zakonom o kaznenom postupku, kako je to slučaj u zemljama kontinentalne pravne tradicije. U radu autorica analizira zakonodavne promjene koje su prethodile donošenju Zakona o uređenju istražnih ovlasti iz 2000. (RIPA), kao i novi Zakon o istražnim ovlastima iz 2016 (IPA). Potonji predstavlja najveću reformu britanske regulative mehanizma presretanja komunikacija jer je prvi put u Ujedinjenoj Kraljevini inkorporiran sudski element za autorizaciju naloga, doduše samo za pojedine oblike posebnih dokaznih radnji koje su predmetom njegove regulacije. Za preostale posebne dokazne radnje koje su (još uvijek ostale) pod okriljem regulacije RIPA-e još uvijek je imanentna odsutnost sudske kontrole, barem u fazi izdavanja i produljenja naloga za njihovo provođenje, ali je uveden poseban oblik ex post facto sudske kontrole. Slijedom navedenog nameće se pitanje jesu li recentnim zakonodavnim izmjenama ispunjeni standardi kako ih je formirao ESLJP, napose je li osigurana adekvatna razina (sudske) zaštite konvencijskih prava koja taj Sud štiti. Posljedično navedenom, iznose se zaključci u odnosu na revidiran koncept uređenja predmetne materije.
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