PODZASTUPLJENOST ŽENA U SABORU NAKON UVOĐENJA IZBORNIH RODNIH KVOTA
LEKCIJE IZ HRVATSKE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25234/pv/30287Ključne riječi:
izborne spolne kvote, žene u parlamentu, politička prava žena, prava žena u Republici HrvatskojSažetak
U radu se proučava pravno pitanje političke (pod)zastupljenosti žena u Hrvatskom saboru od osamostaljenja Republike Hrvatske do danas, s posebnim osvrtom na neučinkovitost izbornih spolnih kvota kao pozitivne mjere za povećanje broja žena u parlamentu. Naime, Hrvatska je jedina država u Europskoj uniji koja je zakonom uvela izborne spolne kvote, nakon čega bilježi ozbiljno smanjenje broja žena u parlamentu. Zakonom o ravnopravnosti spolova iz 2008. i Zakonom o izborima zastupnika u Hrvatski sabor (izmjene i dopune iz 2015.) propisane su kvote od 40 % za svaki spol. No, ne samo da te kvote nisu postigle očekivani rezultat, već se neočekivano broj parlamentarki u Hrvatskoj nakon njihova uvođenja čak smanjio. Za svaku suvremenu pravnu državu i demokratsko društvo vrlo je važno razumjeti kako funkcioniraju izborne spolne kvote i kako one mogu pozitivno utjecati na zastupljenost žena u političkom odlučivanju. Treba voditi računa o tome koja zakonodavna rješenja i političke aktivnosti treba poduzeti kako bi se povećao broj žena u parlamentima. Rad se na početku bavi definicijskim i terminološkim izazovima vezanim uz temeljne pojmove, a potom se daje pregled i analiza pozitivnih pravnih propisa o izbornim kvotama spolova i ravnopravnosti u pravnom sustavu Hrvatske. Nadalje, u članku se analizira broj žena u Hrvatskom saboru kroz sve dosadašnje parlamentarne izbore od osamostaljenja države do danas. Zaključno, predlaže se temeljito i učinkovito redefiniranje i redizajn postojećih rješenja izbornih kvota prema spolu, zalažući se za konkretne mjere i aktivnosti usmjerene na povećanje broja saborskih zastupnica u Hrvatskom saboru. Iako su se ovom temom istraživanja u hrvatskoj akademskoj zajednici pretežno bavili politolozi, ona je i pravna materija. S obzirom na nedostatak istraživanja u području prava, ovaj rad ima za cilj otkloniti tu prazninu u pravnoj znanosti. Uz korištenje standardnih znanstvenih metoda uobičajenih u znanstvenom području prava, u istraživanju se koriste i kvantitativne znanstvene metode.
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