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https://doi.org/10.17018/portal.2021.1

Late Bronze Age graves in Domašinec, Donje Međimurje

Marijana Krmpotić ; Hrvatski restauratorski zavod, Odjel za kopnenu arheologiju, Zagreb, Hrvatska
Mario Novak orcid id orcid.org/0000-0002-4567-8742 ; Institut za antropologiju, Centar za primijenjenu bioantropologiju


Puni tekst: hrvatski pdf 1.864 Kb

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Puni tekst: engleski pdf 1.864 Kb

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Sažetak

A flat cremation cemetery of the early and late phases of the Late Bronze Age has been found at the multi-layered Gorica site, near Domašinec, during archaeological excavations in Donje Međimurje. Three graves were excavated at the top of the ridge on which the Gorica site lies. Pottery and cremated remains in all three graves were in a pile at the bottom of the pits. There was an amphora, a bowl and a cup in grave 1, an amphora and a bowl in grave 2, and a bowl and a vertebra in grave 3. The bones and grave goods were laid directly on the ground, and, in graves 1 and 2, they were partially or completely surrounded by a thicker layer of soot from the pyre. Small pieces of burned bones and fragments of burned bronze objects were also found in this layer. This is where grave 3 differs from the previous two graves, as no remains of burnt wood from the pyre were placed in the pit. The remains of possible covers over the graves have not been established in any of the graves, but the bones in grave 2 were partially covered with a bowl. Very small fragments of bronze objects found in the soot indicate that the deceased were burned in their clothes, probably with jewellery. Remains of animal bones have not been discovered in the graves. Regarding archaeobotanical finds, only one burnt piece of a lentil (probably) has been found, in an amphora in grave 1. Pottery placed in the graves shows no traces of secondary exposure to high temperatures, and it can be assumed that it was not placed on or next to the pyre. The funeral ritual and typological characteristics of the pottery indicate a cultural connection with the neighbouring area in Slovenia, where the Ruša group of the Urnfield culture was widespread. On the basis of typochronology of the pottery, and relative chronology, the graves can be dated to the Ha B period. Grave 2, dated to the Ha B1 period, is the oldest, and grave 1, dated between Ha B2 and B3, is the youngest. The AMS calibrated radiocarbon date for the coal sample from grave 1 places it in the late 9th or early 8th century BC.
Based on the very small sample from Domašinec, it is not possible to draw any more conclusions about the funeral ritual (cremation) and biological characteristics (demography, general health, etc.) of the deceased. Bioarchaeological analysis has determined that the remains from the graves belong to two adults and one child. Taphonomic characteristics of the burned bones suggest that the bodies of the deceased were exposed to temperatures above 600 °C for a long period of time. Afterwards, all the bones were collected and placed in the graves, regardless of size or location in the body. Pathological changes noted on the child’s skull indicate that this person survived one or more episodes of physiological stress during childhood.
The Late Bronze Age in Međimurje is not well known, and the discovery of a flat cremation cemetery in Domašinec is an important find, even though only three graves have been excavated so far. If we add the previously-excavated cremation grave at Murščak, near Hodošan, (absolutely dated from the second half of the 10th to the second half of the 9th century BC) and the finds from the Čestinka highland settlement in Šenkovec, of approximately the same period, which also show similarities with finds from north-eastern Slovenia, an outline of a cultural connection between these areas during the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age appears. Considering that all the known sites from the early and late phases of the Late Bronze Age are located along the River Trnava or its left tributaries, we can assume that influences from the Slovenian Podravje came through the Trnava valley.

Ključne riječi

Late Bronze Age; Urnfield culture; cremation burials; Ruša group; Međimurje; bioarchaeological analysis

Hrčak ID:

270751

URI

https://hrcak.srce.hr/270751

Datum izdavanja:

27.12.2021.

Podaci na drugim jezicima: hrvatski

Posjeta: 914 *