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Second Roman ship on Trstenik in Kaštel Sućurac
Irena Radić-Rossi
; Sveučilište u Zadru, Zadar, Hrvatska
Alice Lucchini
; Sveučilište u Zadru, Zadar, Hrvatska
Sažetak
Since 2002, at the location of Trstenik, at the eastern end of Kaštel Sućurac, research has
been carried out on the submerged remains of the coastal part of the Roman economic
complex, dated from the 1st century BC to the 4th century AD. The operational waterfront
stretched in front of the coastal buildings for more than 80 m, which was confirmed by
the survey conducted in 2021. At the western end, the wooden structure turns north, and
extends towards the coast for more than 30 m. The eastern end of the operational waterfront has not yet been confirmed with certainty, but it is much closer to the coast than its western end.
In 2006, along the westernmost part of the southern border of the operational waterfront, the remains of a Roman ship were discovered, laid in an east-west direction. The ship had been scuttled to protect the waterfront from the effects of winds from the southern quadrants. In 2020, the remains of two more scuttled ships were found, so the finds were named Trstenik 1, Trstenik 2 and Trstenik 3. The ship Trstenik 1 has been fully explored, completing in 2020, and the ship Trstenik 2 was fully explored in the following year. The ship Trstenik 2 was made by the classic Roman technique of joining planks with mortise and tenon joints. The port side was far better preserved because it was leaning against the wooden structure of the operational waterfront, so it did not break under the weight of the stone filling. The ship’s keel has been preserved in its full length of 3.42 m, and it is continued by a 1.5 m long sternpost, which lacks the final part. Its average width is 5.4 cm, and its height is about twice as much. The ship ended in the bow with a transom bow,
made up of two elements connected to each other with three tenons.The port side of the ship consisted of nine strakes, and on the starboard side of the ship, six strakes and traces of the seventh have been preserved. The framing consisted of fourteen frames and an element that served to secure the transom bow. The overall preserved length of 4.8 m points to the fact that its original length slightly exceeded 5 m. Judging by the width of the port side, i.e. the more preserved half of the ship, the ship’s original width could have been about 2.3 m.
The TR2.F1p Trstenik 2 frame sample was analyzed at the Beta Analytic Testing Laboratory (Miami, FL, USA), under the number Beta – 601117. Radiocarbon measurement resulted in a dating of 1970±30 BP. This result, calibrated using the IntCal20 calibration curve, corresponds to the period from 41 BC to 124 AD (95.4 % probability), which matches the results of the radiocarbon analysis of the timbers of the ship Trstenik 1. Various types of wood were used to build the Trstenik 2 ship. Although conifer wood was primarily used for hull construction, the 78 analyzed samples (including wooden nails) show at least ten different tree species. Twenty nine samples of planks showed that they were made of common pine (Pinus sylvestris) or black pine (Pinus nigra). Most parts of the
ship’s frames (a total of 27 samples) were made of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) or stone
pine (Pinus pinea). The element in the function of the floortimber, marked as TR2.F3, was
made of walnut (Juglans regia L.), and the element of the same function, marked as TR2.F4,
was made of holm oak (Quercus ilex). The first frame in the row, marked as TR2.F0, which actually had the function of securing the transom bow, and the last frame towards the stern, marked as TR2.14, were made of elm (Ulmus sp.). Three samples of preserved parts of the hull (TR2.SS, TR2.SS1 and TR2.SS2) and two other samples which are not directly connected to the ship, but were taken from the boards of the nearby coastal structure, were also identified as common or black pine (Pinus nigra). The transom bow consists of two parts (TR2.BT1 and TR2.BT2), made of deciduous oak (Quercus robur / petraea / cerris). The keel sample was identified as a tree of the genus Prunus (Prunus sp.), compatible with sour cherry (Prunus cerasus) or sweet cherry (Prunus avium). The sternpost was made of holm oak (Quercus ilex). For both analyzed samples of wooden nails, it was determined that they belong to the wood of shrubs from the rose family (Rosaceae), and in all of them the core is visible in the middle. In contrast to the ship Trstenik 1, which was much larger in size and intended for the transport of heavy cargo, the ship Trstenik 2 was a small ship with a completely different function, which probably moved exclusively in the area of the Gulf of Kaštela. Although its fishing function is most often mentioned in the written sources, other tasks, like transshipment of goods from large ships to the coast or in the opposite direction, should not be ignored.
Ključne riječi
ship; Trstenik 2; Gulf of Kaštela; horeia; operational waterfront
Hrčak ID:
322470
URI
Datum izdavanja:
15.11.2024.
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