Medicus, Vol. 34. No. 1. KRM zdravlje, 2025.
Pregledni rad
Treating Dyslipidemia
Kristina Selthofer-Relatić
Sažetak
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in Europe, with more than four million deaths per year. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the main cause of these deaths, and dyslipidemia is a key pathophysiological factor in its development. Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease that occurs due to endothelial damage, activation of inflammatory processes, accumulation of LDL cholesterol, proliferation of smooth muscle cells and formation of atherosclerotic plaques. The assessment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk categorizes patients into very high, high, moderate and low risk, which helps to guide treatment goals. Treatment of dyslipidemia is based on lifestyle changes and various therapeutic options, primarily statins, with additional drugs such as ezetimibe and PCSK9 inhibitors. Statins reduce cholesterol synthesis in the liver and increase the clearance of LDL cholesterol, while ezetimibe inhibits its absorption in the intestine. PCSK9 inhibitors block the PCSK9 protein and consequently increase the number of LDL receptors, significantly reducing LDL cholesterol levels and reducing cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. New therapies, such as Inclisiran, small interfering molecules that inhibit PCSK9 protein synthesis and consequently increase the number of LDLRs, and Bempedoic acid that inhibits cholesterol synthesis in the liver, further contribute to lowering LDL cholesterol with a favorable safety profile.
Ključne riječi
atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia, cholesterol, statins, ezetimibe, Inclisiran, Bempedoic acid
Hrčak ID:
338517
URI
Datum izdavanja:
27.10.2025.
Posjeta: 103 *