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Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems, Vol. 14 No. 2, 2026.

Original scientific paper

https://doi.org/10.13044/j.sdewes.d14.0667

Impact of Electric‑Vehicle Charging on the Medium‑Voltage Network of Oujda, Morocco

Mouad Karmoun orcid id orcid.org/0009-0003-5733-620X ; Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
Wafae Arfaoui ; Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
Smail Zouggar ; Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
Mohamed Laarbi Elhafyani ; Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
Hassan Zahboune ; Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
Taoufik Ouchbel ; Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
Adrian Alarcon Becerra ; CIRCE – Centro Tecnológico, Zaragoza, Spain
Nikola Matak ; University of Zagreb, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, Zagreb, Croatia

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Abstract

Electric-vehicle charging can erode operating margins in distribution networks, yet impacts are often localized rather than system-wide. This study quantifies unmanaged charging effects on the Oujda 60/22-kV system using a geo-referenced steady-state power-flow model coupled with a stochastic charging generator for cars, motorcycles and buses. The network representation comprises 124 substations and 117 branches, and we examine snapshots at 0%, 10% and 30% adoption. In thermal terms, the bulk of the network remains comfortably loaded: the share of lines operating at ≤70% of their rating is 81% at baseline, 79% at 10% and 78% at 30%. Localized constraints intensify modestly with penetration: the share of overloaded lines (>100%) rises from 6% to 7% and 9%, and the worst-loaded span increases from 151.6% to 157.2% and 168.1%. Voltage performance is similarly robust in bulk (median around 0.97 per unit), with a small weak-bus tail near charging hotspots. All cases converged reliably. The workflow is lightweight and reproducible, supporting feeder-level hosting-capacity screening and motivating targeted reinforcement or simple smart-charging measures in data-constrained systems.

Keywords

Energy transition; Electric vehicle integration; Stochastic modeling; Load profiling; Urban power grids; Gridcal

Hrčak ID:

348133

URI

https://hrcak.srce.hr/348133

Publication date:

23.7.2026.

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