Izlaganje sa skupa
BEFORE AND AFTER KYOTO
Zlatko Posavec
; INA d.d. Rafinerija nafte Sisak
Sažetak
It has been years since the discussions and proposals on the necessary changes in the Croatian oil industry and legislature on the fuel quality started in order to implement the EU directives. It all comes down to one undeniable conclusion: urgent refinery modernization in Croatia with the exactly stated ending by the year 2010 is necessary. Bringing and executing the EU directives on the fuel quality in many different countries, including the Republic of Croatia, is not altogether a whim, but a logical extension of the environmental protection and preservation activities which started long time ago. From the beginning of the civilization people fight for clean soil, water and air in many different ways, unconsciously and consciously (letting the air into the rooms, window and door installation, chimneys, heating, insulation, sewage and water-supply systems), in an organized or unorganized way.Some important recently organized activities were the Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer (Vienna, 1985), the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (Montreal, 1997), the UN Framework Climate Change Convention (Rio de Janeiro, 1992), the Kyoto Protocol with the UN Framework Climate Change Convention (Kyoto, 1997).
The Montreal Protocol came with the important decision to accept the new technologies in the production of cooling devices, air conditioners and cosmetics and sorting out the countries with ten years application postponement which includes the Republic of Croatia. By the Kyoto Protocol the signatory countries which ratified the agreement in their countries (166) agreed to reduce the greenhouse grass emissions by at least 5 % from those during reference year 1990 by the period 2008-2012. The measures for reaching this goal have been proposed: the use of renewable energy sources, the use of fuels with less carbon, cogeneration, construction of clean and efficient fossil fuel power plants, nuclear energy, storing CO2 in underground storages.
At the UN Climate Change Conference (Nairobi, 2006.), the additional 3,5 million tons of CO2 (34,6 million tons in total) was approved for the Croatia which provided the ratification of the Kyoto Protocol, on April 27, 2007 by the Croatian parliament. Nevertheless, this decision was negotiated and it is based on a fact the Republic of Croatia used to have installed energy capacities for its own needs all over former Yugoslavia and which are not within the Croatian territory anymore. By this fact the Kyoto obligation to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions by 5 % was fulfilled without undertaking any other activities, which would cost $60 million/year. The emissions of particular gases (1996) in the Croatia are presented..
The EU is the biggest promoter of the Kyoto Protocol with its 22 % participation in the total emission. Some countries ratified the Kyoto Protocol (the USA, Australia) since they did not want to dismiss a lot of their employed population, although the USA (and China) are one of the greatest pollutants.
Ključne riječi
climate changes; environment protection, administrative-legislative system; international convention; Kyoto protocol; requirements, preconditions, implementation viewpoint; petroleum liquid fuel products; Croatia
Hrčak ID:
32676
URI
Datum izdavanja:
31.12.2008.
Posjeta: 3.605 *