Original scientific paper

A model of hierarchic structure of motoric abilities: 1. the results obtained using a neoclassical method for estimating latent dimensions

Marijan Gredelj ; Institut za kineziologiju Fakulteta za fizičku kulturu u Zagrebu
Dušan Metikoš ; Institut za kineziologiju Fakulteta za fizičku kulturu u Zagrebu
Ankica Hošek ; Institut za kineziologiju Fakulteta za fizičku kulturu u Zagrebu
Konstantin Momirović ; Institut za kineziologiju Fakulteta za fizičku kulturu u Zagrebu

Abstract

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the factor structure of the complete psychomotoric space. The analysis was bades on the hypothetical hierarchic model consisting of three functional levels. For the first functional level 24 primary motoric dimensions, mainly those determined a greater deal by previous studies, where hypothesised. According to the hypothesis, the second level consisted of the mechanism of movement structuring, the mechanism of tonus and synergetic regulation, the mechanism of excitation duration regulation. The third level hypothetically contained the mechanisam of movement regulation and the mechanism of energetic regulation.
In concordance with this hierarchic model the analysis of motoric dimensions in the first, second and third order space was made. The sample of 110 motoric tests was used on 693 males, 19-27 years old. Because all of the motoric tests were of the composite type the test result of every test was defined as the first principal component of test items rescaled on the antiimage metrics. To analyse the latent structure in all three spaces the orthoblique transformation of significant Harris's components was used.
In the first order space 24 facors were obtained and interpreted as:
1. the speed of solving complex motoric problems
2. the quantity of motoric information
3. functional coordination of primary motoric abilities
4. the speed of simple movements
5. ability to produce rhythmic structures
6. relative arm strength
7. flexibility
8. frequency of simple movements
9. absolute strength of extremities
10. absolute muscle fore of upper extremities
11. endurance during submaximal loading
12. agility
13. explosive strength
14. dual factor defined by two tests of hip flexibility
15. motoric educability
16. maximal force of attempted movements
17. leg coordination
18. continued regulation of muscle force
19. balance
20. coordinate performance of violent movements
21. absolute strength
22. trunk strength
23. not very well-defined factor of arm force
24. not very-well-defined factor of precision
Because of hyperfactorising effect some of these primary factors can't be treated as real motoric abilities.
In the second order space six factors were obtained, of them the last two were due to the hyperfactorising effect. The first factor in the second order space is measure of general motoric ability, which depends on the highest regulative mechanisms functioning, where the function of motoric cortex is dominant. Efficacy in solving motoric problems, the ability to control force while solving complex motoric taskts are dependent on this second order latent dimension.
The second factor can be easily interpreted as a general factor of strength, i. e. mechanism for regulating energetic output.
The third factor is responsible for older, simpler and more primitive motoric automatisms, dependent mostly on efficiancy of system programs in primary motoric centers, located on subcortical level. This factor is also general general by its nature.
The basis of the fourth factor contains variability of subcortical regulative mechanisms, which enable quick circulation of nerve impulses through central governing systems. Therefore, this factor is interpreted as general speed factor.
In the third order space it seems that reallyexist only one factor (three of them were extracted), which contains over 83% of common variance. It can be explained as the general psychomotoric factor, i. e. as the measure of general motoric ability. All four second order factors are highly correlated with this third order dimension. It is not clear whether this factor is a consequence of the existence of a central regulative mechanism or only the effect of coordinate function of different subsystems.

Keywords

Hrčak ID:

240516

URI

https://hrcak.srce.hr/240516

Publication date:

1.1.1975.

Article data in other languages: croatian russian

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