Colloquia Maruliana ..., Vol. 12 , 2003.
Izvorni znanstveni članak
The Epistles of Marko Marulić and Stjepan Brodarić to Pope Adrian VI
Stanislav Marijanović
Sažetak
After they had taken the fortress of Zimpi on the Gallipoli Peninsula in 1352 and then the strategic fortress of Gallipoli itself on the shores of the Dardanelles in 1354, the Turks for the first time crossed over onto and became masters of European soil. From then on, in the centuries to come, the Ottomans became the European nightmare, and Turkophobia, the contra Turcas theme and Marulić’s call to prayer “suprotiva Turkom” (“against the Turks”) resounded in speeches and epistles, dedicatory and poetic epistles and elegies as the inaugural and general agitatio actualis genera of Croatian and European humanism. Renowned Croatian humanists sent them in their roles as high dignitaries of the church, diplomats of the state, court envoys and orators, as prisoners of the Turks and eye-witness who had survived some disaster, advocates of a Turkish war and of inter-national peace, as grieving poets and journalists, to European monks and popes from the Croatian bastion of Christianity. Their speeches and epistles work in the context of experience, ideas, knowledge and persuasion, as shown by the collection of Speeches against the Turks of the Split Literary Circle (Logos, Split 1983). There are references in this work to the speeches, epistles and texts of the humanists of the north Croatian circle before and after Marko Marulić and his contemporaries, to whom the author refers (Ivan Vitez of Sredna, Ianus Pannonius Vitez, Nikola of Modruπ, Stjepan Brodarić and Bartol Đurđević), but these items are not included in that book.
A relationship is established between the speeches and epistles to Pope Adrian VI of Toma Niger Mrčić and Duke Bernardin Frankopan, and particularly of Marko Marulić, with the speeches and epistles of Stjepan Brodarić, who survived the battle of Mohacs. In these, placing his confidence in the genuine authority and pastoral attitude of Adrian VI, in the name of the king and of his people, women and children, with an invocatory message of unexampled acerbity and inculpation he ad-dresses the Pope directly and strikes at the disharmony among the greater European havens of tranquillity in the defence of our cause. His views about the fate of the Croatian people “endowed with the misfortune” to fall defending itself, and to be accused for their casualties, is knowing and prophetic. With the published “genuine description” of Mohacs Field, Brodarić’s speeches and his epistle to the Pope exist in their meaning and the responses to them as a memorandum, in their lastingness as monument, and in the inheritance of them as testament.
Ključne riječi
Hrčak ID:
7973
URI
Datum izdavanja:
22.4.2003.
Posjeta: 2.420 *