Review of national models of sports diplomacy in the world and the development perspectives of the Croatian model of sports diplomacy

Abstract

The role of sport as a tool of diplomacy is recognized by representatives of the constructivist theory of international relations. The aim of the study is to give a review of several national models of sports diplomacy (Australia, France, USA, Norway, Russia, China, Japan, Brazil) in the world and to point to the opportunities for developing a Croatian model of sports diplomacy. The positive effects of sport on national goals may be achieved through models which include: the use of sporting success in strengthening soft power of the country, involving athletes in political and diplomatic processes, use of sport as a diplomatic instrument through international development programs, the organization of sporting events etc. The potential areas in which Croatian sport may have a positive influence are: international relations; improving the image of the country in the world; strengthening national cohesion; tourism, demography, economy and public health; social inclusion; strengthening the culture of volunteerism etc. It is crucial for a country to recognize the potentials of sports in these many areas of social and political life. An interdepartmental creation of a national sports diplomacy strategy or separate programs with similar goals is recommended.