Short communication, Note
https://doi.org/10.17113/ftb.54.04.16.4635
Fatty Acid and Proximate Composition of Bee Bread
Muammer Kaplan
; TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, Food Institute, Gebze, TR-41470 Kocaeli, Turkey
Öznur Karaoglu
; TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, Food Institute, Gebze, TR-41470 Kocaeli, Turkey
Nazife Eroglu
; TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, Food Institute, Gebze, TR-41470 Kocaeli, Turkey
Sibel Silici
; Erciyes University, Agriculture Faculty, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, TR-38039 Kayseri, Turkey
Abstract
Palynological spectrum, proximate and fatty acid (FA) composition of eight bee bread samples of different botanical origins were examined and significant variations were observed. The samples were all identified as monofloral, namely Castanea sativa (94.4 %), Trifolium spp. (85.6 %), Gossypium hirsutum (66.2 %), Citrus spp. (61.4 %) and Helianthus annuus (45.4 %). Each had moisture content between 11.4 and 15.9 %, ash between 1.9 and 2.54 %, fat between 5.9 and 11.5 %, and protein between 14.8 and 24.3 %. A total of 37 FAs were determined with most abundant being (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoic, (9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoic, hexadecanoic, (Z)-octadec-9-enoic, (Z)-icos-11-enoic and octadecanoic acids. Among all, cotton bee bread contained the highest level of ω-3 FAs, i.e. 41.3 %. Unsaturated to saturated FA ratio ranged between 1.38 and 2.39, indicating that the bee bread can be a good source of unsaturated FAs.
Keywords
bee bread; fatty acid composition; proximate composition; monofloral pollen; pollen analysis
Hrčak ID:
170007
URI
Publication date:
2.12.2016.
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