Artificial intelligence – the ends, ways or means of strategic competition?

Abstract

The achieved and expected technological advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have become a source of progress, but also of geopolitical competition and fear of its potentially unethical use. In addition, artificial intelligence has become more prominent in international politics, which can be seen by the significant investments in research and development of this technology and the role that the goals related to it have or can have in the strategies of states. Therefore, the question arises whether artificial intelligence development and implementation represents ends, ways or means of strategic competition.

The article provides an overview of the motivational factors and ambitions and measures taken by the USA, Russia and China in the development of artificial intelligence, in the context of taking leadership positions. Opportunities and risks associated with UI technology proliferation in international politics are also discussed. The role this technology can play in authoritarian systems and liberal democracy is evaluated. Also, the impact of this technology on the global balance of power and warfare capabilities is assessed. In conclusion, it is stated that global competition in the development and implementation of artificial intelligence gives this technology the role of ends, ways and means at the same time.