Izvorni znanstveni članak
Ten-year follow-up of thyroid epidemiology in Slovenia after increase in salt iodization
Katja Zaletel
; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Simona Gaberšček
; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Edvard Pirnat
; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Blaž Krhin
; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Sergej Hojker
; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Sažetak
Aim To assess iodine supply and follow thyroid epidemiology
for ten years after an iodine increase from 10 to 25 mg
of potassium iodide per kilogram of salt in 1999.
Methods In 2002 and 2003, we determined the thyroid
size by palpation and ultrasound and measured urinary
iodine concentration (UIC) in 676 schoolchildren from 34
schools throughout Slovenia. From 1999 to 2009, we followed
the incidence of diffuse and nodular goiter, thyroid
autonomy, Graves’ disease, and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
among adults in the stable catchment area of the University
Medical Centre Ljubljana with 1 000 000 inhabitants.
Results In children, only 1% had a goiter grade 2 (visible
and palpable thyroid gland), median thyroid volume was
5.8 mL, and median UIC was 148 μg/L. In adults, the incidence
of diffuse goiter and thyroid autonomy decreased
significantly (2009 vs 1999, rate ratio [RR], 0.16; 95% confidence
interval [CI], 0.12-0.21 and RR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.62-
0.86, respectively), with a lower incidence in younger participants
in 2009 (P < 0.001). The incidence of multinodular
goiter and solitary nodule increased (2009 vs 1999, RR, 1.55;
95% CI, 1.35-1.79 and RR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.49-1.99, respectively).
No long-term changes were observed for Graves’ disease
(2009 vs 1999, RR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.81-1.13), while the incidence
of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis increased strongly (2009
vs 1999, RR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.64-2.12).
Conclusions The change from mildly deficient to sufficient
iodine supply was associated with a marked change
in the incidence of thyroid epidemiology – a significant decline
in the incidence of diffuse goiter and thyroid autonomy
and a marked increase in the incidence of Hashimoto’s
thyroiditis.
Ključne riječi
iodine supply; thyroid epidemiology; Slovenia; goiter; thyroid autonomy; Graves’ disease; Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Hrčak ID:
74215
URI
Datum izdavanja:
15.10.2011.
Posjeta: 1.169 *